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PGY2 > Hippo > Flashcards

Hippo Flashcards

1
Q

PID organism

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis

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2
Q

PID tx

A

ceftriaxone + doxycycline

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3
Q

urethritis and cervicitis organism

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis

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4
Q

urethritis and cervicitis tx

A

ceftriaxone + doxycycline

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5
Q

trichomonas tx

A

metronidazole

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6
Q

bacterial vaginosis organism

A

gardnerella vaginalis (clue cells)

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7
Q

bacterial vaginosis tx

A

metronidazole

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8
Q

HSV dx

A

cell culture, PCR, clinical

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9
Q

HSV tx

A

acyclovir

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10
Q

candida vulvovaginitis tx

A

fluconazole

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11
Q

syphyllis dx

A

VDRL
80% sensitive in primary and 100% sensitive in secondary

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12
Q

syphillis tx

A

benzathine penicillin

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13
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum organism

A

chlaymdia trachomatis

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14
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum tx

A

doxycycline

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15
Q

Chancroid organism

A

haemophilus ducreyi

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16
Q

Chancroid tx

A

azithromycin

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17
Q

Median nerve damage fracture type

A

colles or carpal bone fracture

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18
Q

peroneal (fibular) nerve damage fracture type

A

fibular head

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19
Q

radial nerve damage fracture type

A

humerus (midshaft)

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20
Q

ulnar, median, or radial nerve damage fracture type

A

supracondylar

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21
Q

ulnar nerve damage fracture type

A

medial epicondyle

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22
Q

median nerve palsy

A

Paresthesias of first three digits and radial half of 4th digit

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23
Q

fibular nerve palsy

A

foot drop

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24
Q

radial nerve palsy

A

wrist drop

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25
Q

ulnar nerve palsy

A

Diminished sensation on ring and small finger

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26
Q

achilles reflex spinal level

A

S1

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27
Q

patellar reflex spinal level

A

L2, 3, 4 ( 4 is primary )

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28
Q

brachioradialis reflex spinal level

A

C5, 6

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29
Q

biceps reflex spinal level

A

C5,6

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30
Q

triceps reflex spinal level

A

C6,7 (primarily 7)

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31
Q

5th disease (erythema infectiosum) virus

A

parvovirus B19

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32
Q

5th disease (erythema infectiosum) rash

A

slapped cheek

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33
Q

5th disease (erythema infectiosum) is dangerous in what groups

A

preggo - hydrops fetalis
sickle cell disease - aplastic anemia
immuncomp

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34
Q

6th disease (roseola, xanthem subitum) virus

A

HHV6

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35
Q

6th disease (roseola, xanthem subitum) rash

A

erythematous non-pruritic rash after fever; begins on trunk and extends to extremities; high fever then resolves then rash

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36
Q

chicken pox (varicella zoster) rash

A

erythematous vesicles in various stages of development

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37
Q

is chicken pox (varicella zoster) rash dangerous in preggos

A

yes

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38
Q

german measles virus

A

rubella

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39
Q

rubella rash

A

red maculopapular; not as pruritic ; dangerous in preggos; congenital rubella syndrome and miscarriages

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40
Q

Measles virus

A

rubeola

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41
Q

rubeola (measles) rash

A

red maculopapular; pruritic; starts on face and spreads down trunk and extremities

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42
Q

pityriasis rosea rash

A

herald patch then generalized erythematous rash; christmas tree

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43
Q

scarlett fever virus

A

strep pyogenes

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44
Q

scarlett fever rash

A

sandpaper rash; after strep infxn by toxin release; glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever heart disease

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45
Q

only opaque kidney stone

A

struvite

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46
Q

unstable fractures

A

Jefferson Bit Off A Hangman’s Thumb
Jefferson
Bilateral facet
odontoid (II and III)
Alanto-occipitial dissociation
hangman
teardrop

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47
Q

Jefferson fracture mechanism

A

axial load

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48
Q

bilateral facet mechanism

A

hyperflexion

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49
Q

odontoid & AO fracture mechanism

A

variable

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50
Q

hangman fracture mechanism

A

hyperextension

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51
Q

teardrop fracture mechanism

A

severe flexion

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52
Q

Jefferson fx injury

A

c1 burst fx

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53
Q

Bilateral facet injury

A

jumped facet leading to anterolisthesis

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54
Q

odontoid fx injury

A

fx through odontoid process of C2

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55
Q

AO dissociation injury

A

ligament damage; increased joint space between C1 and base of skull

56
Q

Hangman injury

A

b/l fx of pars interarticularis of C2

57
Q

teardrop fx injury

A

fx of anterior inferior aspect of vertebral body

58
Q

Black widow toxin and effects

A

latrotoxin; induces ach/NE release

59
Q

brown recluse toxin and effects

A

sphingomyelinase and hyaluronidase; local tissue damage

60
Q

rattlesnake ( crotalids) toxin and effects

A

proteases; local tissue damage and hematologic toxicity

61
Q

Coral snake (elapidae) toxin and effects

A

neurotoxin; neurotoxic

62
Q

scorpion toxin and effects

A

venom; neurotoxic - release ach/catecholamines

63
Q

black widow s/sx

A

painful with target lesion; diffuse muscle spasm, tachycardia, diaphoresis

64
Q

black widow tx

A

benzos, narcotics; antivenom

65
Q

brown recluse s/sx

A

hemorrhagic bullae with eschar that will slough off –> ulcer; can cause DIC or renal failure but rare

66
Q

Brown recluse tx

A

tetanus, debride; +/- steroids

67
Q

crotalids/rattlesnake s/sx

A

break down tissue and causes coagulopathy and causing fibrinolysis and platelet damage; elevated PT/INR, decreased platelets and fibrinogen

68
Q

Elapidae/coral snake s/sx

A

numbness, palsies, paralysis

69
Q

crotalids/rattlesnake tx

A

crotalide antivenom (Crofab)

70
Q

Elapidae/coral snake tx

A

admission; respiratory symptoms for antidote

71
Q

scorpion s/sx

A

CNS; opsoclonus, slurring, blurring vision, dysphagia, fasciculations

72
Q

scorpion tx

A

supportive; benzos, NSAIDS, opioids, antivenom

73
Q

Ciguatera (red snapper, grouper, barracuda) s/sx

A

onset within 6h, gastroenteritis, hot/cold reversal, paresthesia, myalgia, weakness, loose teeth, bradycardia, resp arrest

74
Q

Ciguatera (red snapper, grouper, barracuda) tx

75
Q

scombroid (tuna, mahi mahi, blue fish, mackerel) s/sx

A

peppery meal; histidine -> histamine -> rapid skin flushing and gastroenteritis

76
Q

scombroid (tuna, mahi mahi, blue fish, mackerel) tx

A

supportive; antihistamine; bronchodilators

77
Q

Jellyfish s/sx

A

burning pain, pruritus, myalgias, arrhythmias

78
Q

Jellyfish tx

A

acetic acid for 30 mins; box jellyfish has antidote

79
Q

stingray s/sx

A

burning pain; possible retained barb

80
Q

stingray tx

A

soak in hot water, analgesics, abx for vibrio (doxy vs cipro vs bactrim)

81
Q

Lyme organism

A

borrelia burgdorferilym

82
Q

lyme tick

83
Q

lyme tx

A

doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime

84
Q

Babesiosis tick

A

ixodes scapularisb

85
Q

babesiosis s/sx

A

flu sx, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia

86
Q

ehrlichiosis tick

A

lone star tick

87
Q

ehrlichiosis s/sx

A

HA, myalgias, fatigue, fever

88
Q

ehrlichiosis tx

A

doxycycline

89
Q

babesiosis tx

A

atovaquone and azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine

90
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever tick

A

american dog tick

91
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever s/sx

A

fever, HA, abdominal pina, vom, rash

92
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever tx

A

doxycycline

93
Q

Tularemia tick

94
Q

Tularemia s/sx

A

ulcer at site of infxn

95
Q

Tularemia tx

A

streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline or ciprofloxacin

96
Q

primary stage of syphilis

A

painless chancre

97
Q

secondary stage of syphilis

A

palm/sole rash, infection of kidney, liver, CNS

98
Q

tertiary stage of syphilis

A

gummatous lesions, neurosyphilis, tabes dorsalis, chronic meningitis, dementia

99
Q

stages of iron poisoning

A

1 - ab pain/vom
2 - quiescent period
3 - shock, metab acidosis
4 - increased LFTs
5 - GI scarring

100
Q

Radiation poisoning stages

A

prodromal - n/v/d
latent - asym
illness - GI, CV/CNS, weakness
recovery or death

101
Q

stages of lyme dz

A

1 - bull’s eye rash (erythema migrans)
2 - skin, CNS (b/l bells palsy, msk, heart block)
3 - joint pain, synovitis, subacute encephalopathy

102
Q

Hemophilia A tx

A

factor VIII
kg x % increased desired x 0.5

103
Q

Hemophilia B tx

A

factor IX
kg x % increased desire

104
Q

SIRS

A

fever > 38 or <36
HR >90
RR >20 or CO2 <32
WBC >12k or <4k or >10% bands

105
Q

MUDPILES

A

methanol
uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
INH/iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

106
Q

GETSMASHED (pancreatitis causes)

A

gallstones
ethanol
trauma
steroids
mumps
autoimmune
scorpion
hypertriglyceridemia
ERCP
drugs

107
Q

SALTR

A

slipped
above
lower
through
rammed

108
Q

AEIOU TIPS (AMS)

A

alcohol/acidosis
endocrine, electrolytes, encephalopathy
insulin (hypoglycemia)
overdose
uremia
trauma
infection
poisoning/pysch
stroke/seizure

109
Q

CHIPS (radio-opaque ingestions on XR)

A

chloral hydrate
heavy metals
iron/iodide
phenothiazine
entericcoated
solvents

110
Q

THEMISFITS (crashing neonate)

A

trauma
heart dz or hypovolemia
electrolyte disturbances
metab disturbancecs
inborn errors of metab
sepsis
formula dilution or overconcentration
intestinal catastrophe
toxin
seizure

111
Q
A

positive FAST

112
Q
A

slapped cheek rash; erythema infectiosum (fifths disease/parvo b19)

113
Q
A

HSP; can have intussusception or AKI

114
Q
A

steeple sign; croup

115
Q
A

positive fat pad; anterior can be normal; posterior = supracondylar fx or radial head fx (adults)

116
Q
A

Monteggia fx - ulnar fx with radial head dislocation

117
Q
A

galeazzi fx - radius fx with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint

118
Q
A

erythema nodosum; TB, sarcoidosis, CA, IBD

119
Q
A

amanita phalloides mushroom; hepatotoxic

120
Q
A

pityriasis rosea; herald patch then erythematous rash to trunk

121
Q
A

erythema migrans

122
Q
A

SJS; mucous membrane involvement, + Nikolsky

123
Q
A

pericarditis - diffuse STE with PR depression

125
Q
A

Brugada - incomplete RBBB with STE in V1-3

126
Q
A

pericardial effusion

127
Q
A

scaphoid fx

128
Q
129
Q
131
Q
A

wide mediastinum; aortic dissection

132
Q
A

coral snake

133
Q
A

crotalid/pit viper

134
Q

rare s/sx from brown recluse

A

DIC or renal failure

135
Q

Rare s/sx from jellyfish sting

A

arrhythmia

PGY2 (10 decks)

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