Hip fractures Flashcards
Who?
>60
F>M
Young adults = high energy trauma
Risk factors?
Risk doubles every 10 years after age 50
Osteoporosis (3x more common in females)
Smoking
Malnutrition
Excess alcohol (decreases bone health)
Neurological impairment (inc fall risk)
Impaired vision
Low BMI
1 = Femoral head
2 = Femoral neck
3 = Greater trochanter
4 = Lesser trochanter
5 = Fovea
Types of hip fracture?
Intra and extracapsuler
Extracapsular?
Trochanteric
Sub- trochanteric
Intracapsular?
Displaced
Undisplaced
When is AVN risk higher?
Intracapsular fractures
Blood supply to femoral neck
Intramedullary artery of shaft of femur
Medial & lateral circumflex branches of profunda femoris
Artery of ligamentum teres
Symptoms?
Pain
Unable to life, move, rotate leg.
Unable to stand or put weight on leg.
Brusing and swelling around hip.
Injured leg appearing shorter than other.
Which way does injured leg turn?
Outwards
Does hip fracture always prevent from standing or walking?
No
History?
Mechanical fall
secondary to other causes (blackout, CVA, MI)
Relavent PMH conditions?
Diabetes
Bleeding disorders
CVD
Parkinsons
Physical examination?
Unable to weight bare/ pain
Congitive impairment?
Missed injuries?
Fluid status/ dehydration
Examination of limb
Examination of limb?
Neurology
Vascular status
May be shortened and externally rotated