hip and thigh Flashcards
head of femur description
- spherical articulates with the acetabulum
- nonarticular pit (fovea) on medial surface for attachment of ligament of the head
neck of femur description
- cylindrical strut
- connects shaft to femur
- projects superior medially at shaft angle 125
greater and lesser trochanter
- sites for muscles that move the hip joint
what are the two ligaments that help keep the head of the femur within the acetabulum
- transverse acetabular ligament
- ligament of head of femur
what are the three ligaments that reinforce the external surface of the synovial membrane and stabilize the joint
- iliofemoral (anterior)
- pubofemoral (anteroinferior)
- ischiofemoral (posterior)
what is the predominantly branches of vascular supply in the hip
- obturator
- medial
- lateral circumflex femoral
- superior and inferior gluteal
hip joint is innervated by articular branches from the
- femoral
- obturator
- superior gluteal
- quadratus femoris
thigh in the anterior is separated from the abdominal wall by
inguinal ligament
the thigh posteriorly is separated from the gluteal region by the
gluteal fold superfically and the inferior margins of the gluteus maximus and quadratus femoris on deeper planes
shaft of femur description
bowed forward and has an oblique course from the neck fo the femur to the distal end
- knee is close to the midline under the bodys center of gravity
distal end of the femur description
- two large condyles that articulate with the proximal head of the tibia
- joined anteriorly where they articulate with patella
what are the three compartment and main function of the thigh muscles
- anterior = flex and extend the leg at knee
- medial = adduct and medialy rotate the thigh
- posterior = extend the thigh and flex the leg at the knee
anterior muscles of the thigh
- psoas major
- Iliacus
- sartorius
- 4 Quad
medial compartmemt muscles of the thigh
- gracilis
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- obturator externus
hamstrings
posterior compartment muscles of the thigh
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
what three arteries enter the thigh
- femoral = anterior
- obturator = medial
- inferior gluteal = posterior
what is the main deep vein draining the limb
femoral vein, becomes the external iliac vein when it passes under the inguinal ligament to enter the abdomen
superficial vein
are in the subcutaneous connective tissue and drain into the deep veins
superficial inguinal nodes
- parallel of the inguinal ligament
- medially they extend inferiorly along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein
- receive from from abdominal, perineum, and lower limb
deep inguinal nodes
- medial to femoral vein
- receive from deep lymphatics and associated femoral vessels
femoral triangle
- located at junction b/w anterior abdominal wall and lower limb
- borders: base of the triangle is the inguinal ligament, medial border = medial margin adductor longus, lateral = sartorius muscle
- contents: femral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space within the femoral sheath called femoral canal
clinical correlation
hip fractures
- judet and letournel classification divides acetabular fractures into several different types of based on the specific areas of the acetabulum
hip fractures classifications
- head
- neck = garden classifcation
- intertrochanteric
- subtrochanteric
