ankle and foot Flashcards
the ankle is what kind of joint and what bones form the ankle
- synovial joint = hinge joint
- tibia
- fibula
- talus
ankle is stabilized by two ligaments
- medial (deltoid) ligament
- lateral ligament
medial (deltoid) ligament is formed by 4 parts
- tibiocalcaneal
- tibionavicular
- anterior tibiotalar
- posterior tibiotalar
lateral ligament is made up of three parts
- anterior talofibular
- posterior talofibular
- calcaneofibular
what are the bones of the foot
- 7 tarsal bones
- 5 metatarsal
- 14 phalanges
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bones of the foot lie in what form?
- longitudinal
- transverse arches
what are the ligaments that support the arches
- plantar calcaneonavicular
- plantar calcaneocuboid
- long plantar ligament
- plantar aponeurosis
intrinsic muscles of the foot are organized into two groups
- dorsal aspect = extend the toes
- plantar side =flex abduct and adduct the toes
blood supply to the foot is by branches of the …
- posterior tibial artery = enters sole and bifurcates into lateral and medial plantar arteries
- anterior tibial artery = continues as the dorsalis pedis artery as it crosses the ankle joint
venous drainage of the foot
- deep veins follow the arteries
- superficial veins drain into dorsal venous arch
- great saphenous vein originates from medial of arch and passes anterior to medial malleolus
- small saphenous vein originates from lateral side of arch and passes posterior to lateral malleolus
foot motor innervation
tibial nerve
- enters the foot through tarsal tunnel posterior to medial malleolus
- midway b/w medial malleolus and heel the nerve bifurcates into medial and lateral plantar branch
foot motor innervation
medial plantar branch
innervates four intrinsic muscles
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- first lumbrical
foot motor innervation
lateral plantar branch
innervates all intrinsic muscles in the sole , except for the muscles supplied by the medial plantar nerve
foot motor innervation
deep fibular nerve
innervates the extensor digitorum brevis
foot sensory innervation
plantar fasciitis
- plantar aponeurosis = flat band of connective tissue that supports the longitudinal arch of the sole, runs from calcaneal tuberosity of base of toes
- mild to severe heel pain
- (excessive running/body weight)
- (micro-tears/degeneration)
