Hip Anatomy Flashcards
how is the head of the femur positioned?
medially, superiorly, and anteriorly (up & in)
what is the resting position of the hip?
30 deg flex
30 deg abduction
slight ER
closed packed position of hip
full extension, IR, and abduction
capsular pattern of hip
flexion, abduction, IR
(some cases IR limited most)
“buckets” of the hip
dysplasia
OA
FAI
major function of the hip
transmit forces between pelvis and LEs
is the hip designed more for stability or mobility?
stability
what is hip dysplasia?
undercoverage of the femoral head by acetabulum
what is femoro-acetabular impingement?
excessive bony development and/or overcoverage of femoral head by acetablum
_______ is integral to successfully evaluating and treating hip dysfunctions
regional interdependence
position of acetabulum
anterior, lateral, inferior
which structure of the pelvis is important for shock absorption and proprioception?
fat pad of the acetabular fossa
a loose fat pad or labrum is an example of
internal derangement
the labrum creates _____ pressure
negative
the angle of inclination is in the ___ plane between the _____ & _____
frontal
femoral neck and shaft
normal range for angle of inclination in adults
125-139 deg
what angle of inclination indicates coxa valga?
> 139 deg
what angle of inclination indicates coxa vara?
<125 deg
angle of torsion is in the ___ plane and is between ___ & ____
horizontal
between axis through femoral neck and axis through condyles
normal angle of torsion in adults
10-15 deg
anteversion angle of torsion
> 15 deg
what issues does femoral anteversion cause?
toe-in and IR
predisposed OA and excessive anterior glide
relative retroversion angle of torsion
<10 deg
absolute retroversion angle of torsion
<0 deg
retroversion (relative & absolute) cause toe ____ and hip ____
toe-out
hip ER
T/F: toe-in is always abnormal
T
the hip joint capsule is thickened ____ & ____
anteriorly and superiorly
which part of hip joint capsule is predisposed to dislocation?
posterior (and inferior)
what type of cartilage is the acetabular labrum made of?
fibrocartilage
what is the only mm that flexes the hip at end range of hip flexion?
iliopsoas
in upright, contraction of iliopsoas, _____ L lordosis
increases
(causes sheering of L spine)
if tight, which mm contributes to patellofemoral pain syndrome?
rectus femoris
which glute muscles are commonly weak?
glute med POSTERIOR fibers
80% of the fibers of _____ insert into ITB
glute max
glute max is commonly atrophied in what conditions?
sway back
spinal DJD
hip DJD
which mm is a potential site of sciatic nerve entrapment?
piriformis
the piriformis _____ the hip below 90 deg and _____ above
below - ER (& aBduct)
above - IR (& aDduct)
which hamstring is on the lateral aspect?
biceps femoris
what is the most commonly strained hip muscle?
adductor longus
there are > ___ bursae in the hip region
12
what is the largest bursa of the hip?
iliopsoas
sprinters and jumpers are most likely to have ___ bursitis
ischiogluteal (d/t over exertion of hammies)
which bursa is common for bursitis (Hip)?
trochanteric (3 of them)
what are the borders of the femoral triangle?
superior - inguinal ligament
medial - adductor longus
lateral - sartorius
what is the main innervation of hip joint?
L3
(also L1-S1)
nerves of mm that cross the hip also supply ___ & ___
joint capsule and joint
T/F: pain referred from hip joint may be felt anywhere in the thigh, leg, or foot
T
T/F: bad vascular integrity of the hip means there will be bad vascularization to the entire LE
T
which artery supplies the femoral head?
ligamentum teres artery
can cause necrosis w/ dislocation
normal hip flexion
110-120 deg
normal hip extension
10-15 deg
normal hip abduction
30-50 deg
normal hip adduction
25-30 deg
normal hip IR
30-40 deg
normal hip ER
40-60 deg
glide during flexion
posterior
glide during extension
anterior
glide during abduction
inferior/medial
glide during adduction
superior/lateral
glide during IR
posterior
glide during ER
anterior
