Ankle Foot Biomechanics

Question 1

how is the deltoid ligament sprained?

Answer 1

eversion

Question 2

T/F: the deltoid ligament inserts into the medial capsule

Answer 2

T

Question 3

how are the lateral ligaments sprained?

Answer 3

inversion

Question 4

which ligament is sprained most often? 2nd most?

Answer 4

1 - anterior TALOfibular lig
2 - calcaneofibular lig

Question 5

joint lines of the ankle

Answer 5

talocrural - mortis (tib fib) & talus
subtalar - talus & calcaneus

Question 6

how does the proximal tib fib joint move during DF?

Answer 6

superior glide
ER of fibula

Question 7

how does the distal tib fib joint move during DF?

Answer 7

spreading of syndesmosis

Question 8

where is the talus wider?

Answer 8

anteriorly and laterally

Question 9

which bone extends more inferior at the distal tib fib joint?

Answer 9

fibula

Question 10

what motions are needed for global pronation?

Answer 10

DF (20 deg)
abduction
eversion

Question 11

what motions are needed for global supination?

Answer 11

PF (50 deg)
adduction
inversion

Question 12

how much TC motion is needed for walking?

Answer 12

20 deg PF
10 deg DF

Question 13

describe open chain roll and glide for DF

Answer 13

talus rolls anterior and glides posterior
ER of lateral talus

Question 14

describe closed chain roll and glide for DF

Answer 14

mortise rolls and glides anterior

Question 15

open pack position of TCJ?

Answer 15

5-10 deg PF

Question 16

closed pack position of TCJ?

Answer 16

full DF

Question 17

capsular pattern of TCJ

Answer 17

PF>DF
(DF more important)

Question 18

describe open chain motions for subtalar pronation

Answer 18

calcaneal eversion
forefoot DF
forefoot abduction

Question 19

describe open chain motions for subtalar supination

Answer 19

calcaneal inversion
forefoot PF
forefoot adduction

Question 20

describe closed chain motions for subtalar pronation

Answer 20

calcaneal eversion
talus adduction
talus PF
tibia IR

Question 21

describe closed chain motions for subtalar supination

Answer 21

calcaneal inversion
talus abduction
talus DF
tibia ER

Question 22

open pack position of subtalar joint

Answer 22

midway between pronation and supination

Question 23

closed pack position of subtalar joint

Answer 23

full supination

Question 24

capsular pattern of subtalar joint

Answer 24

supination & inversion > pronation & eversion

Question 25

which joints make up the midtarsal joints?

Answer 25

cuboid + calcaneus navicular + talus

Question 26

open pack position for midtarsal joints

Answer 26

midway between pronation and supination

Question 27

closed pack position for midtarsal joints

Answer 27

supination

Question 28

capsular pattern for midtarsal joints

Answer 28

DF>PF>inversion (medial rotation)

Question 29

what composes the 1st ray?

Answer 29

medial cuneiform & 1st met

Question 30

what motions compose pronation of 1st ray (TMT joint)?

Answer 30

PF abduction eversion

Question 31

what motions compose supination of 1st ray (TMT joint)?

Answer 31

DF adduction inversion

Question 32

what composes the 5th ray?

Answer 32

5th met & cuboid

Question 33

what motions compose pronation of 5th ray (TMT joint)?

Answer 33

DF abduction eversion

Question 34

what motions compose supination of 5th ray (TMT joint)?

Answer 34

PF adduction inversion

Question 35

walking requires _____ deg of ____ of the 1st MTP joint

Answer 35

65-70 deg of extension

Question 36

which ligs make up the plantar ligs?

Answer 36

spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) long (calcaneus to talus) short (calcaneus to talus)

Question 37

what is the Windlass effect?

Answer 37

tightening of plantar aponeurosis in push-off (MTP extension)

Question 38

which nerves can become irritated with plantar fasciitis?

Answer 38

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 39

where is a common compression site for the deep peroneal nerve?

Answer 39

extensor retinaculum (esp. post-op) --> need to mob TCJ

Question 40

which nerves are stretch as a result of an inversion injury?

Answer 40

sural superficial peroneal branches

Question 41

what dynamic arch supports are major lateral supports?

Answer 41

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 42

what are the bony and mm supports of the transverse arch?

Answer 42

cuneiforms lock tibialis posterior fibularis longus and brevis 5th met

Question 43

what are thee active stabilizers of the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 43

tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

Question 44

what is the bisector of the calceus for ideal foot alignment?

Answer 44

line with bisector of lower 1/3 of leg

Question 45

the plane of all 5 met heads are ____ to the calcaneal bisector for ideal foot alignment

Answer 45

perpendicular

Question 46

during which gait phases does ideal foot alignment occur?

Answer 46

between midstance and heel-off

Question 47

ideal foot alignment is when the subtalar joint is in ____ and the midtarsal joint is maximally _____

Answer 47

subtalar neutral midtarsal max pronated (midway b/w PF & supination)

Question 48

function of subtalar during gait

Answer 48

loose adaptor shock absorber (weight acceptance - pronation) rigid lever (midstance to pre-swing) torque convertor

Question 49

is rigid or flexible foot deformity easier to rehab?

Answer 49

flexible

Question 50

foot types for neutral shoe

Answer 50

neutral supinator has a curved last

Question 51

foot types for stability shoe

Answer 51

pronation has a straight last

Question 52

foot types for motion control shoe

Answer 52

severe pronation has the straightest last