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MSK LQ > Ankle Foot Biomechanics > Flashcards

Ankle Foot Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

how is the deltoid ligament sprained?

A

eversion

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2
Q

T/F: the deltoid ligament inserts into the medial capsule

A

T

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3
Q

how are the lateral ligaments sprained?

A

inversion

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4
Q

which ligament is sprained most often? 2nd most?

A

1 - anterior TALOfibular lig
2 - calcaneofibular lig

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5
Q

joint lines of the ankle

A

talocrural - mortis (tib fib) & talus
subtalar - talus & calcaneus

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6
Q

how does the proximal tib fib joint move during DF?

A

superior glide
ER of fibula

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7
Q

how does the distal tib fib joint move during DF?

A

spreading of syndesmosis

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8
Q

where is the talus wider?

A

anteriorly and laterally

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9
Q

which bone extends more inferior at the distal tib fib joint?

A

fibula

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10
Q

what motions are needed for global pronation?

A

DF (20 deg)
abduction
eversion

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11
Q

what motions are needed for global supination?

A

PF (50 deg)
adduction
inversion

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12
Q

how much TC motion is needed for walking?

A

20 deg PF
10 deg DF

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13
Q

describe open chain roll and glide for DF

A

talus rolls anterior and glides posterior
ER of lateral talus

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14
Q

describe closed chain roll and glide for DF

A

mortise rolls and glides anterior

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15
Q

open pack position of TCJ?

A

5-10 deg PF

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16
Q

closed pack position of TCJ?

A

full DF

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17
Q

capsular pattern of TCJ

A

PF>DF
(DF more important)

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18
Q

describe open chain motions for subtalar pronation

A

calcaneal eversion
forefoot DF
forefoot abduction

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19
Q

describe open chain motions for subtalar supination

A

calcaneal inversion
forefoot PF
forefoot adduction

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20
Q

describe closed chain motions for subtalar pronation

A

calcaneal eversion
talus adduction
talus PF
tibia IR

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21
Q

describe closed chain motions for subtalar supination

A

calcaneal inversion
talus abduction
talus DF
tibia ER

22
Q

open pack position of subtalar joint

A

midway between pronation and supination

23
Q

closed pack position of subtalar joint

A

full supination

24
Q

capsular pattern of subtalar joint

A

supination & inversion > pronation & eversion

25
Q

which joints make up the midtarsal joints?

A

cuboid + calcaneus
navicular + talus

26
Q

open pack position for midtarsal joints

A

midway between pronation and supination

27
Q

closed pack position for midtarsal joints

A

supination

28
Q

capsular pattern for midtarsal joints

A

DF>PF>inversion (medial rotation)

29
Q

what composes the 1st ray?

A

medial cuneiform & 1st met

30
Q

what motions compose pronation of 1st ray (TMT joint)?

A

PF
abduction
eversion

31
Q

what motions compose supination of 1st ray (TMT joint)?

A

DF
adduction
inversion

32
Q

what composes the 5th ray?

A

5th met & cuboid

33
Q

what motions compose pronation of 5th ray (TMT joint)?

A

DF
abduction
eversion

34
Q

what motions compose supination of 5th ray (TMT joint)?

A

PF
adduction
inversion

35
Q

walking requires _____ deg of ____ of the 1st MTP joint

A

65-70 deg of extension

36
Q

which ligs make up the plantar ligs?

A

spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)
long (calcaneus to talus)
short (calcaneus to talus)

37
Q

what is the Windlass effect?

A

tightening of plantar aponeurosis in push-off (MTP extension)

38
Q

which nerves can become irritated with plantar fasciitis?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

39
Q

where is a common compression site for the deep peroneal nerve?

A

extensor retinaculum
(esp. post-op)
–> need to mob TCJ

40
Q

which nerves are stretch as a result of an inversion injury?

A

sural
superficial peroneal branches

41
Q

what dynamic arch supports are major lateral supports?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

42
Q

what are the bony and mm supports of the transverse arch?

A

cuneiforms lock
tibialis posterior
fibularis longus and brevis
5th met

43
Q

what are thee active stabilizers of the medial longitudinal arch?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

44
Q

what is the bisector of the calceus for ideal foot alignment?

A

line with bisector of lower 1/3 of leg

45
Q

the plane of all 5 met heads are ____ to the calcaneal bisector for ideal foot alignment

A

perpendicular

46
Q

during which gait phases does ideal foot alignment occur?

A

between midstance and heel-off

47
Q

ideal foot alignment is when the subtalar joint is in ____ and the midtarsal joint is maximally _____

A

subtalar neutral
midtarsal max pronated
(midway b/w PF & supination)

48
Q

function of subtalar during gait

A

loose adaptor
shock absorber (weight acceptance - pronation)
rigid lever (midstance to pre-swing)
torque convertor

49
Q

is rigid or flexible foot deformity easier to rehab?

A

flexible

50
Q

foot types for neutral shoe

A

neutral
supinator
has a curved last

51
Q

foot types for stability shoe

A

pronation
has a straight last

52
Q

foot types for motion control shoe

A

severe pronation
has the straightest last

MSK LQ (18 decks)

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