Hip

Question 1

Anteversion of Femoral Head (retroversion is the opposite)

Answer 1

when head of femur is more anterior/anteverted. Normally 15 degrees. Could affect the moment arm if different than 15 degrees.

Question 2

Normal femoral neck angle

Answer 2

126 degrees

Question 3

Coxa vara femoral neck angle

Answer 3

115 degrees

Question 4

Coxa valga femoral neck angle

Answer 4

140 degrees

Question 5

Acetabular labrum

Answer 5

has fibrocartilage ring to improve boney fit. Distributes forces and reduces compressional stresses.

Question 6

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 6

Capsular Y-ligament, between ASIS/acetabular rim and intertrochanteric line. Limits hyperextension and adduction.

Question 7

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 7

Capsular ligament, from superior pubic ramus to inferior neck of femur. Limits abduction and hyperextension.

Question 8

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 8

Between ischial acetabular rim (posterior) and interotrochanteric line (anterior). Limits hyperextension and IR.

Question 9

All three hip ligaments:

Answer 9

prevent hyperextension and stabilize the joint by reducing compressional force.

Question 10

Transverse ligament & ligamentum teres

Answer 10

TL: fits into the acetabular notch, and allows the foveolar artery to go through it without being crushed.
LT: wraps around and supports the foveolar artery

Question 11

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 11

capsular ligament, between auricular margins of sacrum and ilium
support the joint anteriorly

Question 12

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 12

capsular ligament, between PSIS & auricular margins of sacrum and illium

Question 13

Iliolumbar ligament

Answer 13

extrinsic ligament, found between L4-L5 transverse process and iliac crest & anterior sacroiliac ligament.

Question 14

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 14

between anterior sacrum and ischial spine. Prevents anterior tilt and rotation of the sacrum.

Question 15

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 15

between anterior sacrum and ischial tuberosity.

Question 16

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments both:

Answer 16

are extrinsic ligaments and prevent pelvic tilt.

Question 17

Greater Sciatic foramina boundaries:

Answer 17

greater sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament

Question 18

Lesser Sciatic foramina boundaries:

Answer 18

lesser sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament.

Question 19

Greater Sciatic foramina: what goes through it?

Answer 19

piriformis, sciatic nerve, superior & inferior gluteal nerve and artery, internal pudendal artery, pudendal nerve, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Question 20

Lesser sciatic foramina: what goes through it?

Answer 20

obturator internus, internal pudendal artery, and pudendal nerve.

Question 21

Hip flexion and extension are movements in what plane?

Answer 21

sagittal plane

Question 22

Hip abduction and adduction are movements in what plane?

Answer 22

coronal plane

Question 23

Hip internal and external rotation are movements in which plane?

Answer 23

transverse plane

Question 24

Pelvic tilt rules

Answer 24

1. Whichever side has the superior aspect drop is the side that you define the tilt from.
2. The side that you pelvic tilt to is called the ipsilateral side and is the side that will abduct.
3. The contralateral side will adduct.

Question 25

Anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 25

when superior part of pelvis tilts forward. Results in flexion at the hip joint.
Muscles anterior to the hip joint will control anterior tilt (hip flexors).

Question 26

Posterior pelvic tilt

Answer 26

when superior part of pelvis tilts backwards. Results in extension at the hip joint.
Muscles posterior to the hip joint will control posterior tilt (hip extensors).

Question 27

Hip adductors are always:

Answer 27

hip internal rotators.

Question 28

What would happen if greater trochanter was increased?

Answer 28

You would increase the lever arm and torque of muscles acting on that spot.

Question 29

Neutralization

Answer 29

in order to get movement in a single plane, we will need to neutralize the other muscles. Therefore, this is the activation of a variety of muscles in order to eliminate unwanted movement so that the desired movement is uniplanar or occurs at a single joint.

Question 30

Trendelenburg Gait

Answer 30

compensatory action to prevent the tilt of the pelvis during gait by leaning the other way.The hip adductors will be used to counteract this.

Question 31

Pelvic blood supply

Answer 31

Common iliac splits to internal and external iliac. The internal iliac has many branches, including the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, the internal pudendal artery, the obturator artery, and a branch that goes to the rectum, bladder, and reproductive organs. The obturator artery split off into anterior and posterior branches, which supply the adductor muscles, acetabulum, and head of femur. The internal pudendal supplies the perineum.

Question 32

What would happen if the fovealor artery was torn?

Answer 32

could lead to necrosis of the head of the femur.

Question 33

Hip rotation

Answer 33

Ipsilateral agonists are always going to be the anterior muscles and contralateral agonists are always going to be the posterior muscles.