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Anatomy > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

0
Q

Boney Fit:

A

how they fit together, aka bone congruency.

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1
Q

Articular System

A

where two bones come together. You can define them based upon their amount of movement and fit.

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2
Q

Bone Tissues:

A

joint capsule, ligaments, cartilage.

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3
Q

The function of synarthroses is:

A

Stability. They don’t allow much movement, have taut binding tissues and good congruency.

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4
Q

Examples of synarthroses:

A

Sutures in skull

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5
Q

Function of diarthroses:

A

Mobility. Allow for a lot of movement, have loose binding tissue, and poor bone congruency.

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6
Q

Examples of diarthroses:

A

shoulder joint, knee joint (kinda)

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7
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

In between synarthroses and diarthroses.

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8
Q

Examples of amphiarthroses:

A

Elbow joint, pubic symphisis

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9
Q

3 Structural Categories of Joints Based on Binding Tissues

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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10
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A
  1. sutures
  2. syndesmoses
  3. gomphoses
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11
Q

Fibrous joints: syndesmoses

A

Interosseous membrane between ulna and radius: provides for a relatively large amount of movement (supination and pronation)
Also one between tibia and fibula, which has small amount of movement (so these can have a lot or a little movement).

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12
Q

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

A
  1. synchondroses

2. symphysis

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13
Q

Hyaline Cartilage Joints only found in:

A

immature skeletons as epiphyseal plates, or in an adult as costal cartilage

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14
Q

Hyaline Cartilage vs. Fibrocartilage vs. Elastic cartilage

A

both are binding tissues in cartilaginous joints
HC: matrix is 40% collagen, 60% gel
FC: has the most abundant amount of cartilage, 70% collagen, 10% elastin, 20% gel substance
Elastic cartilage: almost entirely made up of elastin

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15
Q

Synostosis

A

condition in which there is no longer any epiphyseal disc

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16
Q

Examples of symphyses

A

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

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17
Q

Synovial Joints

A

most abundant joint in body. Binding tissue is called fibrous joint
capsule, made of dense, fibrous irregular tissue. Provide movements in several different planes. Collagen is the primary binding tissue. This holds the bones together!
In this type of joint, the bony ends are covered in cartilage, called articular cartilage. This provides a nice smooth surface on the ends of the bones, reducing the frictional forcers and stresses related to movement. It also deforms when loaded, to change shape and distribute forces among a grater area, reducing compressional stress.

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18
Q

Synovial Membranes

A

Lining the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid. The fluid has the texture of egg white, and serves as a lubricant for the joint. Therefore, it reduces the frictional forces and stress too. It also nourishes the articular cartilage by being forced into the articular cartilage, which is accomplished by movement.

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19
Q

Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) machine

A

keeps the joint moving to prevent the synovial fluid from stopping, aka promoting healing

20
Q

Fibrocartilage pads

A

articular disc, that increase boney fit/ congruency, and reduce the compressional stresses.

21
Q

Joint capsule: 3 types of ligaments

A

Intrinsic ligaments: found completely inside the joint (more rare)
extrinsic ligaments: on the outside of the capsule.
capsular ligaments: most abundant, sometimes a thickening of the joint capsule, and typically can anchor to one of the bones.

22
Q

Role of ligaments in the joint capsule

A

ligaments are there to support the joint capsule. They will limit the ROM in one direction or another.

23
Q

Force/area=

A

stress

this is what tissue is sensitive to. Its not really the amount of force, but how much area is is distributed over.

24
Q

Osteokinematics

A

the movement of the bones and the relationship between those movements

25
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

study of the movement of the joint, as opposed to the movement of the things around/outside the joint

26
Q

Axis of Rotation (AOR)

A

imaginary rod that passes through the center of a joint at right angles to the plane of movement.

27
Q

3 Types of Movement

A
  1. spinning
  2. translation (gliding)
  3. rolling
28
Q

Movement: Spinning

A

one bone remains motionless while the other bone spins around it. AOR stays the same thru this. No translation.

29
Q

Movement: Translation

A

AOR will move from original to new movement. No rolling or spinning, just moving in the same line.

30
Q

Movement: Rolling

A

rolls around a new pivot point, rotation and displacement.
Rolling = joint distraction, the other movements will not result in this.
In our joints, all of these things will happen.
When joint is not working right, we will feel pain.

31
Q

Combined Movements

A

AOR changes position (can’t be pure spinning, so there must be a combination of rolling or something else too)
By tracking AOR, we can get info about the injury.

32
Q

Luxation vs. Subluxation

A

luxation: complete dislocation
subluxation: articular surfaces are not completely displaced

33
Q

Sprain vs. Strain

A

sprain: tears or stretching of ligamentous or joint capsule
strain: muscle or tendon

34
Q

Rheumatoid vs. Osteoarthritis

A

rheumatoid: genetic, affects multiple synovial joints
osteoarthritis: natural wear and tear on specific joints.

35
Q

Plane Joint

A

one flat surface sliding along another flat surface, no true plane or axis of rotation. We’ll need multiple articulations to occur for movement.
ex: carpals moving against each other

36
Q

Pivot Joint

A

head is spinning, only allows movement in a single plane (uniplanar or uniaxial)
ex. radioulnar joint, axis/atlas joint

37
Q

Hinge joint

A

only has movement in one single plane

ex: elbow joint, ankle joint

38
Q

Condyloid/ellipsoid Joint

A

bi-axial, have both concave and convex surface, allows for movement in two planes.
ex: metacarpal/phalangeal joint, and knee, kinda!)

39
Q

Saddle Joint

A

biplanar and bi-axial

ex: carpometacarpal joint in the hand

40
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

also know as the spheroidal joint, has three mutually perpendicular axes of motion, resulting in 6 primary movements.
Ex: hip joint

41
Q

3 Planes of Movement

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. Frontal
  3. Transverse
42
Q

Sagittal Plane Movement

A

Flex/extend: GH, elbow, hip, knee, spine, etc…
Plantar-flex/dorsiflex: ankle
Use the reference angle rule!

43
Q

Reference Angle

A

side of joint that has the greatest amount of movement (i.e. reference angle on anterior side of the radioulnar arm, so if angle decreases = flexion, and if angle increases = extension).

44
Q

Does the ankle extend?

A

No! Only flexes

45
Q

Frontal Plane Movement

A 
Abduction/adduction: GH, hip
Lateral Flex: spine
Elevation/depression: shoulder girdle 
Up/down rotation: shoulder girdle
Inversion/eversion: intertarsal
Ulnar/radial deviation: wrist
46
Q

Transverse Plane Movement

A

Medial/lateral (internal/external) rotation: GH, hip
Rotation right/left: spine
Pronation/supination: radioulnar

47
Q

How do you determine the plane of motion?

A

To find the plane of motion, find the axis of rotation and then it will be perpendicular.
Always reference to the sternum.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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