Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Components

Answer 1

heart and blood vessels

Question 2

Functions

Answer 2

transportation, protection, regulation

Question 3

What region can’t you see when looking down at the heart from above?

Answer 3

left atrium

Question 4

Nervous system

Answer 4

sympathetic: heart beats faster
parasympathetic: heart beats slower

Question 5

Chambers of the heart

Answer 5

2 atria and 2 ventricles

Question 6

Atria

Answer 6

2 upper thin walled chambers, more like reservoirs, connected by valves

Question 7

Ventricles

Answer 7

2 lower thick walled chambers, help with pumping, left ventricle is thicker, connected by valves

Question 8

Valves

Answer 8

2 types of valves: atrioventricular and semilunar

Question 9

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 9

permit blood flow from atrium to ventricle (but not other way), opening and closing is passive, based on pressure differences across valves

Question 10

Semilunar valves

Answer 10

permit blood flow into the arteries during ventricular contraction, also a passive process

Question 11

Valves note

Answer 11

if atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure, valves open and blood flows through

Question 12

AV Valves

Answer 12

right AV: tricuspid

left AV: mitral/bicuspid

Question 13

Semilunar valves

Answer 13

pulmonary valve

aortic valve

Question 14

Major vessels of the heart

Answer 14

superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk (left and right), pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta

Question 15

Blood flow

Answer 15

blood into right atrium from superior and inferior vena cava, tricuspid valve pushes blood into right ventricle, pulmonary valve takes blood to pulmonary artery, to right and left lung, becomes oxygenated, to pulmonary veins, to left atrium, to left ventricle through bicuspid valve, then to aorta through aortic valve

Question 16

Chordae tendineae

Answer 16

heartstrings

Question 17

Trabeculae carneae

Answer 17

make up the walls

Question 18

Papillary muscle

Answer 18

attach to chordae tendineae

Question 19

3 Types of Circulation

Answer 19

systemic, pulmonary, coronary/cardiac

Question 20

Systemic circulation

Answer 20

carries blood from heart through body and back

Question 21

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 21

carries blood to and from the lungs

Question 22

Coronary/cardiac circulation

Answer 22

supplies blood to the heart itself

Question 23

Blood vessels: arteries

Answer 23

dense, elastic fibrous connective tissue, carries blood away from the heart, thicker elastic walls, high pressure, supply function

Question 24

Blood vessels: veins

Answer 24

carry blood to the heart, have valves, lower pressure, reservoir function

Question 25

Blood vessels: capillaries

Answer 25

extremely small blood vessels, transport blood from arteries to veins, diffusion of nutrients and gas, abundant in tissue that is metabolically active (i.e. muscles, kidneys), and blood flow controlled by precapillary sphincters

Question 26

Blood vessel flow

Answer 26

arteries, smaller arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, small vein, larger veins

Question 27

Venous return

Answer 27

through venous valves, through arterial venous coupling, and through muscle contraction

Question 28

VR: Arterial-venous coupling

Answer 28

pulse wave through artery can push blood upwards

Question 29

VR: Muscle contraction

Answer 29

helps push blood back to the heart

Question 30

Anastomoses

Answer 30

connection between blood vessels, provides alternate ways for blood to reach tissue in arteries, and allows for collateral circulation

Question 31

Collateral circulation

Answer 31

circulation in an area of tissue with a number of different pathways for blood to reach it, allows blood flow through in difficult places, like joints,

Question 32

Blood vessel pathway

Answer 32

thoracic artery, external iliac artery

Question 33

Layers of the heart

Answer 33

fibrous layer, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium, myocardium, endocardium