High Yield Physiology Concepts

Question 1

Most efficient extractor of oxygen from the blood

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

Intercellular junctions responsible for the cardiac syncytium

Answer 2

Gap Junctions

Question 3

Substance that dilates upstream blood vessels

Answer 3

Endothelium-Derived Relaxing factor (EDRF) aka Nitric Oxide (NO)

Question 4

Most potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 4

ADH (can increase levels of Endothelin-1)

Question 5

An increase in venous return will increase the stroke volume, Basis: stretching of cardiac sarcomeres will increase contraction

Answer 5

Frank-Starling Mechanism

Question 6

Hypertension, irregular respiraton and bradycardia due to activation of the CNS ischemic response and baroreceptor reflex in increased intracranial pressure

Answer 6

Cushing Reflex

Question 7

Formula for Blood Pressure (BP) based on Ohm’s law

Answer 7

Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral
Resistance (TPR) = (Heart Rate x Stroke Volume) x TPR
TPR is synonymous with Systemic Vascular Resistance and increases when arterioles vasoconstricted

Question 8

Normal pressure at various parts of the adult circulation

Answer 8

Large Arteries:

Question 9

An increase in venous return will increase the heart rate

Answer 9

Bainbridge Reflex