Cardiovascular Diseases: High Yield Concepts in Pericardial Diseases Flashcards
Most common pathologic process involving the pericardium
Acute Pericarditis
Typical pain in pericarditis
Worse when supine and relieved by sitting upright and leaning forward
when pericardial friction rub in acute pericaritis is heard most frequently
End-expiration with patient upright and leaning forward
Most common ECG finding in acute pericarditis
Diffuse ST-Segment Elevation
except V1, aVL, aVR
Three most common causes of tamponade
Neoplastic disease
Idiopathic pericarditis
Renal failure
Important clue to the presence of cardiac tamponade consisting of a greater than normal (10 mmHg) inspiratory decline in systolic arterial pressure
Paradoxical Pulse (Pulsus Paradoxus)
Most common causes of bloody pericardial fluid
Neoplasm in the US
Tubercolosis in developing nations
Usual cause of pericardial effusion in HIV
Infection (mycobacterial)
Neoplasm (most frequently lymphoma)
Most common causes of pericarditis due to neoplastic disease
Extension or invasion of metastatic tumors
- Carcinoma of Lung and Breast - Malignant Melanoma - Hematologic (Lymphoma, Leukemia)
Most common reason for grossly sanguineous pericardial fluid in chronic pericarditis result
Neoplasm
Tuberculosis
Renal Failure
Slow leakage from an aortic aneurysm
Basic physiologic abnormality in chronic constrictive pericarditis
Inability of ventricles to fill because of limitations imposed by the rigid, thickened pericardium
Most prominent deflection in constrictive pericarditis (absent / diminished in tamponade)
y descent
The only definitive treatment of constrictive pericarditis
Pericardial Resection
