high yield Flashcards
antipsychotic BBW
increased risk of death in elderly w/dementia
acute onset SE
EPS due to decreased DAergic transmission bcuz of blocked DA receptors:
1) Parkinsonism - resting, pillrolling tremors goes away once you move
2) Akathisa - restless
3) Acute dystonic reactions - grimacing, torticollis
Tx: antimuscarinics (benztrophine, trihexyphenidyl, diphenhydramine [h1]) to decrease the excess ACh`
late onset SE
neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to increased DA
akinesia
severe rigidity
hyperthermia
Tx: bromocryptine, amantadine, dantroline
atypical antidepressants MOA
not just d2 antagonism
also 5ht2a antagonism
mesolimbic pathway
atypical vs typical
atypical: less EPS, hyperprolactinemia, more diabetes, dyslipidemia, weight gain; not proven to be more effective
TCA
first pass effect
BBW: increased suicide
2nd gen antidepressants
know these
triazadone
SE: priapism
buproprion
MOA: weak inhibitor of NE, 5HT, DA uptake
use: smoking cessation
fewer sexual SE
SSRIs
SE:
sexual dysfunction
SNRIs
SE: associated hypertension due to NE reuptake
5ht syndrome
mix w/MAO inhibitors
bipolar DO
lithium
not metabolized
hella effective (go-to Rx)
SE:
decreased thyroid function leading to enlargement»_space; hypothyroidism
carbamazepine
valproic acid (valproate)
lamotragine
methohexital
ultra-short acting
anesthesia induction
phenobarbital
long acting BARB
status epileptus
dose-response curve
know this
induction of P450 enzymes
additive effects
ethanol
diffuse effect
no specific activity
metabolism:
alcohol dehydrogenase
aldehyde dehydrogenase
0th order kinetics (always fully surated)
delirium tremons
acute alcohol withdrawal
disulfuram
blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase
methylxanthines
caffeine:
MOA - adenosine receptors»_space; increased NT release
physical dependence
withdrawal Sx
amphetamines MOA
increase DA and NE release and decrease reuptake
amphetamines tolerance
rapid "tachyphylaxis" binge intake pattern psychological/physical dependence chronic use >> paranoid psychosis
methylphenidate
BBW: psychotic episode risk if Hx of drug abuse or alcoholism, withdrawal»_space; depression
blocks DA reuptake
ADHD Tx
methylphenidate just as good as amphetamines
cocaine
MOA: blocks DA, NE, 5HT reuptake
metabolism: plasma proteases quickly
SE: fatality
benzodiazepines
active metabolites: diazepam > nordiazepam > oxazepam clonazepam chlordiazoxide long acting - accumulates
inactive metabolites:
oxazepam
lorazepam
triazolam
OD: Tx: flumazenil
