High Blood Pressure Drugs

Question 1

Carvedilol
Brand name: Coreg

Answer 1

•Beta blocker

•Used to treat heart failure and high blood pressure

•Used after a heart attack that causes your heart to stop pumping

SIDE EFFECTS:
Hypotension
Chest pain
Irregular heartbeat
Difficulty breathing and swallowing
Hives or rash
Fainting or swelling

Question 2

Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN)

Answer 2

Vasodilator- relaxes blood vessels, increasing blood and oxygen supply to your heart

Used to prevent and treat chest pain caused by angina

Heart failure

Esophageal spasms

SIDE EFFECTS:

Question 3

Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker)

Answer 3

Calcium channel blocker

It works by affecting the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels. This relaxes the blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload.

S/E- swelling, fatigue, palpitations

Question 4

Valsartan:Diovan (ARB)

Answer 4

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

Treats high blood pressure
Heart failure
Diabetic kidney disease

MOA- works by blocking the action of certain natural substances that tighten the blood vessels, allowing the blood to flow more smoothly and the heart to pump more efficiently.

Allergic reactions - hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue and throat.

SE- high blood potassium;
headache, dizziness, feeling light-headed;
cough, flu symptoms, tiredness;
stomach pain, diarrhea;
back pain, joint pain; or
abnormal kidney test.

Question 5

Hydralazine (vasodilator)

Answer 5

Vasodilator

MOA- Hydralazine is a vasodilator that works by relaxing the muscles in your blood vessels to help them dilate (widen). This lowers blood pressure and allows blood to flow more easily through your veins and arteries.

Hydralazine is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).

Allergic reaction- hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

SE- chest pain or pressure, pain spreading to your jaw or shoulder;

fast or pounding heartbeats;
a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;

numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet;

painful or difficult urination;
little or no urination;

Question 6

Labetalol (beta-blocker)

Answer 6

Used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Labetalol oral is sometimes given with other blood pressure medications.

Labetalol injection is used when hypertension is severe.

MOA- works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the body. It blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, leading to reduced heart rate, decreased force of contraction, and dilation of blood vessels, resulting in lowered blood pressure.

SE- a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;

slow heart rate, weak pulse, fainting, slow breathing (breathing may stop);

shortness of breath (even with mild exertion), swelling, rapid weight gain;

severe headache, blurred vision, pounding in your neck or ears;
or
liver problems–loss of appetite, stomach pain (upper right side), flu-like symptoms, itching, dark urine, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Question 7

Minoxidil (vasodilator)

Answer 7

A vasodilator that relaxes (widens) blood vessels and improves blood flow.
Minoxidil is used to treat severely high blood pressure (hypertension) that is causing symptoms or damaging your vital organs. Minoxidil is usually given together with two other medicines to help prevent serious side effects.

MOA- Minoxidil, when used as a vasodilator, acts by opening adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. This vasodilation may also improve the viability of hair cells or hair follicles.

SE- new or worsening chest pain;

chest pain spreading to your jaw or shoulder;

fast or pounding heartbeats;

swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet;

rapid weight gain, especially in your face and midsection;

shortness of breath;

a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out;

Question 8

Piriton:Chlopheniramine (antihistamine)

Answer 8

MOA- competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract.

SE- dizziness, drowsiness;

dry mouth, nose, or throat;

constipation;

blurred vision; or
feeling nervous or restless.

Question 9

Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic, aldosterone receptor antagonist)

Answer 9

Aldosterone receptor antagonist

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low.

Spironolactone is used to treat heart failure, high blood pressure (hypertension), or hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood).

Spironolactone also treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or a kidney disorder called nephrotic syndrome.

MOA- Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted, while potassium is retained. Spironolactone acts both as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive drug by this mechanism. It may be given alone or with other diuretic agents that act more proximally in the renal tubule.

SE-breast swelling or tenderness.