Hi Flashcards

1
Q

The code of Hammurabi identified three distinct classes in Mesopotamia

A

The free land owning class - royal family . Priests. Warriors. High gov officials . Merchants

A class of dependent farmers and craftsmen worked for the free land owning class

Slaves, who do domestic work and less desirable jobs outside the homes

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2
Q

Earliest civilization

A

Mesopotamia
Two rivers the Tigris and Euphrates

Crossroads for diverse groups

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3
Q

Many early settlers were members of which language family

A

Semitic language family

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4
Q

Who are the non-Semitic group called that came into a lower Mesopotamia about 5000 BCE

A

Sumerians

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5
Q

Sumerians created competing

A

City states

Centered in a large town that governed countryside around it

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6
Q

The Sumerian city states were not politically unified until 23000 when an invading Semitic group led by Who conquered the area

A

Sargon the great

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7
Q

Sargon the great founded the

A

Akkadian empire

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8
Q

As a result of the political conquest of the Akkadian empire

A

Cultural diffusion of Sumerian ways spread which influenced Mesopotamia to Egypt which became the Fertile Crescent

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9
Q

What city state replaced the Akkad in power

A

Ur rose

Gov bureaucracy grew
SYS of messengers and road stations sped up communication in area

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10
Q

In 1700’s Hammurabi led who do conquer Mesopotamia

A

Babylonians

Over the centuries Hittites in 1500s BCE Assyrians and new Babylonians also came through

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11
Q

Common characteristics were both in

Egypt was ….for much time

A

River valleys

Isolated

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12
Q

Egypt was protected by cataracts

A

Areas where the water was too swift and Rocky to allowed boats to pass

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13
Q

What marker event occurred under the Babylonians

A

The first written law code called HAMMUrabis code

Shows beliefs and customs of the Mesopotamia people

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14
Q

Flooding in Egypt was

A

Regular and predictable

Could take preventative measures

Flooding in Mesopotamia was unpredictable
They were gloomy and resigned to fate

Egypt ppl more optimistic to control their destinies

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15
Q

Who created bronze

And did Egyptians use it

A

3000 BCE Mesopotamia metal workers invented bronze

Egyptians didn’t use this until after 17th century when attacked and defeated by HYKSOS (turkey) Egypt didn’t have any cuz their natural environment

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16
Q

Egypts political system reflected importance of

A

Reflected the importance of religious beliefs

Pharaoh

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17
Q

Ancient Egypts political history often divided into three eras

A

The old kingdom

The Middle Kingdom

The new kingdom

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18
Q

The major cities of INDUS River valley

What did they speak

A

Mohenjo- Daro

Harappa

Dravidian language

19
Q

Who were the Indus River valley ppl conquered by

A

The Aryans invaders from the northwest

20
Q

Egyptian religion was ….

A

Polytheistic

Strongly associated w agriculture

21
Q

Amon re

Isis

Osiris

A

God of sun

Goddess of the Nile and fertility

Ruler of the afterlife

22
Q

System failure

A

A breakdown of the political social and economic systems supported it

23
Q

East Asia developed ?

A

Independently

24
Q

Analects

A

A collection of Confucianism

25
Cosmopolitanism
The shares cultures and lifestyles that result when diff groups are in regular contact
26
Egypt - the new kingdom of Egypt began after the defeat of hyksos It..
Egypt no longer isolated civilization got ties w Western Asia and got large army
27
Ppl who lived in Crete
Minoans
28
Minoan civilization replaced by who?
Mycenae Were at war w city of Troy Lots of invasions to Crete so the Mycenaeans abandoned and Aegean area turned into dark age
29
After fall of Mycenae civilization Greek cities emerged they were isolated until
The Phoenicians visited the Aegean reestablishing trade Middle East and Greece
30
Spartan women Vs Athens
Sparta women were free and equal w men were physically fit Sparta run by women cuz men at war Athens gender inequality defined confined to the home DIDNT HAVE POLITICAL RIGHTS NOR COULD THEY OWN PROPERTY OR BUISNESSES were citizens tho
31
Indus River valley construction suggests
Well organized gov plan and fortifications
32
Zhou overthrew who? | And claimed could rule bc of what
Shang Mandate of Heaven
33
Polis were Grew up how
City state Cooperated together in inter city organization aka leagues Independently
34
Solon
Most important oligarch of Athens set up laws that can be re written and revised
35
Rebellion put who In control and what did he do
Cleisthenes Experimented w democracy
36
Who was the council of 500
Citizens chose and they were responsible for implementing policy
37
Mecca was founded by who
Umayyad clan of Quraysh Bedouin tribe
38
The most revered shrine | And the sacred rock is held
The Ka'ba and the black stone
39
Why was is impossible to unite the bedouins
Wars between rival clans
40
Animism
Spirits residing in ordinary objects and polytheism Bedouin
41
Who did the Umayyad political leaders feel threatened by And why
Muhammad Saw new faith as danger to Mecca status as a pilgrimage destination for those that traveled to Ka'ba
42
Islam became universalizing religion bc
Adherents spread the new faith It's principles appeared broadly to people of many different cultural backgrounds
43
Muhammad fateful flight to medina aka
HijrAh marks date of new religion