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World History Chapter 1 Test > Chapter 10 Unit 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Italian city states declined politically Renaissance creativity stayed alive by spreading where

A

Northward they were more religious blended religious and secular

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2
Q

2 famous writers of northern Renaissance interested in secular life

A

William Shakespeare

Miguel de Cervantes

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3
Q

Influence of humanists enhanced after 1450 w invention of —– by German

A

Johann Gutenberg

Advanced printing press made writing available for more ppl - PPl have bibles- more literacy - Renaissance ideas

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4
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Wrote the prince . Philosophical view of ideal political leader based on ancient roman rules ( in response to Italian city states constant attacks by French etc

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5
Q

Increased access to printed materials led to what

A

Events that resulted in weakening of the religious and political power of church

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6
Q

Protestant reformation

A

Rebellions against church led to permanent new divisions in wet term Christianity Catholics vs Protestants

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7
Q

Protestant reformations began when WHAT

How ppl worried about

A

Martin Luther made the 95 theses and criticized Catholic Church’s sale of indulgences

Ppl worried church getting in between individual and God

Church growing greed

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8
Q

Indulgences

A

Paper that says your sins are forgiven if u pay money

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9
Q

Simony

A

The act of selling church offices and roles ( pay have higher rank)

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10
Q

Tithe

A

10% of yearly earnings go to church

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11
Q

Protestant teachings

A

The bible is the only source of truth ( ppl can read for themselves)

Written in vernacular languages

Salvation comes ONLY thru faith in Christ not indulgences

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12
Q

Rise in literacy led to

A

Interest in exploration which led to spread new ideas

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13
Q

Luther was later what? And his works inspired what

A

Excommunicated from church

He inspired movements that split religious unity

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14
Q

John Calvin
What’s religion called and where spread

Meanwhile luthers followers believed in what

A

Established a variation of Protestant
believed in VENGEFUL stern God
Calvinism
British isles

A merciful God

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15
Q

Henry v111 made what

A

The Anglican Church

Actions based on pipes refusal to let him divorce his wife who didn’t make a son

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16
Q

The catholic reformation

A

The movement to revive churches reputation & roles

Catholic Church responded forcefully

Tried to persuade Protestants to return back to church & banned indulgences

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17
Q

Assembly called council of Trent did what?

Led to what

A

Gathered high officials discuss religious doctrines and what Protestants complained about. Led to schools for priests

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18
Q

Jesuits

A

New religious members that went around Europe convincing people to return to church

Later became international missionaries converts in Asia and Americas

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19
Q

Protestant and catholic reformations led to

A

Break up of Catholic Church power

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20
Q

Edict of Nantes made thru what

A

Granted religious liberty and tolerance to Protestants

Religious tensions - wars - edict

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21
Q

Thirty year war

Ended w

A

Treaty of Westphalia
Cities can now choose their own religion

European religious war Ferdinand tried telling all to be catholic Protestants mad

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22
Q

English civil war

A

Catholic learning of Stuart kings / lots religious issues

Tensions led ppl leave America

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23
Q

The scientific revolution

A

Humanistic shaped science

Scientists based knowledge on direct observation ( math not theories during ancient times)
Reliance on human understanding weakened church

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24
Q

Empirical evidence

A

Info varifiable by observations

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25
Q

New science contrasted what bc why

A

Contrasted scholasticism of Middle Ages

Scholars has based inquiry on principles by church new emphasis on freedom of inquiry led to clashes b/w scientists and religious authorities

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26
Q

Nicholas Copernicus

A

Based his math on models by nasir al din

Revised Julian calendar ( Romans based it on Ptolemy ) theory adopted by church questioning Ptolemy was questioning church

Copernicus discovers earth revolves around sun

27
Q

Nasir al din

A

Islamic scholar 13th century

28
Q

Tycho Brahe and johannes kepler

A

Used Copernicus model to make theories showing other PLANETS REVOLVE ROUND SUN IN ORBITALS
Kepler published his work - fueled conflict religious officials vs scientists

Church said was heresy Protestants against new science

29
Q

Galileo Galilei

And effect of this

A

Italian astronomer

Turned telescope first study the heavens discovered MILKY WAY

Ppl mad cuz showed earth wasn’t special religious ppl question

He published for not just scientists church banned him house arrest

30
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Most famous European scientists

Book described basic principles of motion math formulas for pull gravity

31
Q

Intellectuals rethought concept of God thru explanation that a divinity set natural laws in motion system called

A

Deism

32
Q

The enlightenment

A

New emphasis on human capabilities/accomplishments and importance of rational thought was displayed learn natural laws of universe

33
Q

John Locke

A

Understood “laws of nature” on human liberties and equality

34
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Said human beings by nature MUST be controlled by abs rulers

35
Q

Adam smith

A

Analyzed natural law of supply and demand

Book “the wealth of nations”

36
Q

Center of enlightenment

A

France

Salons were gatherings hosted by woman discuss ideas

37
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Liked British parliament suggest gov w 3 independent branches that SHARE political power

38
Q

French philosopher Francois VOLTAIRE

A

Wrote criticisms of French monarchy and Catholic Church

Said both were INTOLERANT and limited freedom that ppl deserved by laws of nature

39
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

Most radical philosopher

Suggested we return to nature( small communities no ownership of land)
Bc society corrupted human nature

40
Q

Habsburg family

A

Powerful family were catholic Protestants didn’t wanna see them gain power

Charles V wanted to unify all areas under his control ( unsuccessful)
Abdicated his throne

41
Q

Who ruled Spain at height of power

A

Philip II son of Charles V

42
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella did what of Spain

A

Sponsored Christopher Columbus and drove out Muslims out of southern Italy

43
Q

Spanish and French Kings had lots of power became

A

Absolute monarchs

44
Q

French kinds buggy bureaucracy helped get taxed and cultivated a belief in

A

Divine rights - gods blessing of kings authority- legitimacy of royals

45
Q

what two places developed a new style of gov constitutionalism

A

Britain and Netherlands

Rulers shared power w parliament - ruler like others is subject to laws passed by parliament

House of orange

Protestant pair William and Mary ruled w parliament

46
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system based on private ownership of property and business that produce goods to be bough and sold in free market

47
Q

Mercantilism

A

The responsibility of gov to promote the states economy to improve tax revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders

48
Q

Joint stock companies

A

Organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares

49
Q

New capitalist sys replaced

A

Old guild system Middle Ages

Guilds represented collective not individual

50
Q

They produced good thru PUTTING OUT SYS

A

Entrepreneurs delivered raw materials to workers in their homes where they transformed the product to he picked up later

51
Q

Europeans altered what

A

Altered inventions made elsewhere to suit their needs

52
Q

New mapmaking technique called

A

The Mercator projection well suite for travel on Atlantic

Also made guns

53
Q

Rapid pop. Growth bc two reasons

A

Increased average life span led to increased pop

1- healthier diets possible bc increase in food bc expanding trade networks

2- old diseases less deadly

54
Q

Pop growth allowed for

A

Rapid economic expansion which was fuel for European settlements in new world

55
Q

Renaissance / reformation and enlightenment opened Europeans minds to

A

Invention escape from social boundaries and intellectuals

56
Q

Europe moved to center stage because of

A

Cultural changes
Political consolidation of centralized states
Technological advances and capitalism

57
Q

Kings had enough money and power to

A

Control regional lands and sponsor trade expeditions

58
Q

Tech advances and capitalism allowed Europe to

A

Increase their riches thru trade and territorial claims in w hemisphere

59
Q

Crusades of 12th and 13th century

A

Started movement of European knights into Middle East ( trade b/w Europe and Middle East)

60
Q

What led to urbanization

A

Regions growing trade and wealth of merchants

61
Q

Wealthy merchants competed for

A

Power and became patrons

62
Q

Genoa Venice Milan Florence were

A

City states that collected tax to support army

63
Q

What led to concept of renaissance man

A

Artists interest in philosophy/ politics/science

Means a person often genius who knows a lot

World History Chapter 1 Test (11 decks)

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