Blue Sheet Chapter 1 Flashcards
The growth of towns and cities
Farms> villages > towns> cities
Jericho ( Jordan River ) and catal huyuk ( southern turkey) = some of first cities TRADED W EACH OTHER ( 7000 BCE)
Neolithic revolution as marker event
Effects
- people settled down (private property now a thing)
Division of labor- specialization of jobs
Social inequality- some ppl own more land than others , some jobs respected more than others
Gender inequality - men took care of both animals and plants w agriculture women sidelined to domestic chores
Food surplus- improved health - population growth - need for gov- ( to control food source irrigation )
Religious changes ( spirits - polytheism)
The domestication of animals Neolithic
Areas at a disadvantage - mesoamerica and sub Saharan Africa ( FEW domesticable animals
Neolithic revolution GIST
The invention of agriculture and domestication of animals led to the rise of civilization , more complex culture, and increased populations
Neo rev
Not a single revolution - gradual change
Agriculture first developed to supplement hunting/gathering
Horticulture - pastoralism
Horticulture - agriculture but w only hand tools (early vision of agriculture - first to settle down)
Pastoralism - semi- nomadic (followed herds of animals)
The domestication of grains
Availability of grains and domesticable animals > development of agriculture
Cultural diffusion - from the Middle East > grains and other plants spread
Agriculture arose thanks to INDEPENDENT INVENTION ( people around the world all figured it out on their own
Three craft industries neo
Pottery
Metallurgy
Textiles
Demography
Study of populations
Migrations
Permanent moves to new locations
Push factor and pull factor
Push factor - emigration
Pull factor - immigration
Intervening obstacles
Physical features that stop/slow migrations
What did migrations lead to
Cultural diffusion ( spreading of culture)
GIST tech and environmental transformations
Geography played the biggest role in where civilizations developed and how people moved and spread their culture
Agriculture development and early agricultural communities GIST
The invention of agriculture led to civilization - people settled down. Populations grew . And people became unequal
Human life before 8000 BCE
Bipedalism
Primary sources
Definitions
Bipedalism - walking on two legs ( distinguishes humans from other mammals )
Primary sources- original evidence from the time period ( early - not written ( objects , artifacts , skeletons, etc)
Paleolithic age (old Stone Age) GIST
The Paleolithic age was characterized by nomadic communities of hunters and gatherers who used simple tools
Paleolithic
The importance of tools
Hunt
Build homes
Weave clothes
Eventually invent agriculture
Paleolithic culture
Few artifacts
Cave paintings
Well developed religions (ritualistic burials )
Less time working (3-5 hrs a day) but less stability/security than later
Fun facts Paleolithic
70,000-8000 BCE
Used refined stone tools
Developed larger brains
Hunting and gathering
- small groups
- nomadic
- men= hunters women= gatherers( but both sexes equal)
