Herpesviridae Flashcards
Herpesviridae Size? Envelope? Morphology? LINEAR/CIRCULAR DS/SS DNA/RNA Latency in \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue
Herpesviridae Size? Large, 100-300nM in diameter Envelope? YES Morphology? ICOSOHEDRON LINEAR DS DNA Latency in NERVOUS and LYMPHOID tissue
What Herpesviridae subfamily?
- restricted natural host range
- more severe disease in other species
- rapid replication and lysis of tissue
- rapid cytopathic effect in cell culture
- latency in sensory ganglia and lymphoid tissues
i.e. BHV-1
Alphaherpesvirinae
Herpes subfamily?
- highly restricted host range
- slow replication
- cytomegalia in cells
- latency in secretory glands, lymphoreticular cells and kidneys
i. e. Porcine herpesvirus-2 aka porcine cytomegalovirus
Betaherpesvirinae
Herpes subfamily?
- restricted host range
- replication in lymphoblastoid (T or B) cells, some viruses cause oncogenic transformation
- lytic infections epithelioid and fibroblastic cells
- latency in lymphoid tissue
Gammaherpesvirinae
Where does replication of the herpesviruses occur?
Nucleus
Herpesvirus _____ infection
1) Entry via direct _____ with cell membrane
2) Nucleocapsid is transported to and genome released into _____ of cell
3) Ordered ____ of ______ ____, _____, and late mRNAs transported to cytoplasm, translation into immediate early, ____ and ____ proteins
4) virus assembles in _____, buds through the nuclear and cell membranes
5) Infectious virus released by cell lysis
Herpesvirus LYTIC infection
1) Entry via direct FUSION with cell membrane
2) Nucleocapsid is transported to and genome released into NUCLEUSof cell
3) Ordered TXN of IMMEDIATE EARLY, EARLY, and late mRNAs transported to cytoplasm, translation into immediate early, EARLY and LATE proteins
4) virus assembles in NUCLEUS, buds through the nuclear and cell membranes
5) Infectious virus released by cell lysis
3 TYPES OF HERPESVIRUS INFECTION?
Lytic
Latent
Reactivation/recrudescence
What is the etiologic agent of IBR? What is the host range? Transmission?
Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovidae and wild ruminants, Nose to nose contact, inhalation of aerosolized resp. secretions, genital secretions, iatrogenic via MLV vax to pregnant cows and neonates
BHV-1 remains latent in _____, ______ tissues, ______ and ____ ganglia for life, recrudescence and shedding from ______ and ______ tracts.
BHV-1 remains latent in TONSILS, LYMPHOID tissues, TRIGEMINAL and SACRAL ganglia for life, recrudescence and shedding from RESPIRATORY and REPRODUCTIVE tracts.
Clinical Presentation:
Acute onset, fever (103.5-106), depression, anorexia, profuse nasal discharge, red (hyperemic) crusty nose, open-mouth breathing, extended neck, “husky” cough, fibronecrotic tracheitis, hemorrhagic, suppurative, and interstitial or bronchopneumonia
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Currently, IBR abortions are ________.
IATROGENIC due to vax of pregnant cows with MLV IBR vx.
Clinical Presentation:
- dairy cows
- acute onset of fever, depression, anorexia
- swollen vulva, pustules progressing to ulcers of vaginal mucosa
- necrotic vaginitis w/ fatalities
- acute illness 4-5 days
- balanoposthitis in bulls, ulcers on the penis and preputial mucosae
Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
Herpesviral Meningoencephalitis
Etiologic agent?
-Sporadic cases in feedlot cattle, some outbreaks reported in dairy cattle
-nonsuppurative necrotizing meningoencephalitis
-virus found latent in trigeminal ganglion, midbrain, thalamus, olfactory nerve
Host range= domestic cattle
BHV-5 or BHV-1
Equine Rhinopneumonitis
Etiologic agents: _____ and _____
Diseases: _________ (acute resp. infection), _________, and _______ disease (encephalomyelitis)
Host range: ______
Transmission: _______, highly contagious, ______ contact, fomites, hands
Shedding: latent in ______ ganglion and ______ tissue, shed in aerosolized secretions from nasopharynx
Equine Rhinopneumonitis
Etiologic agents: EHV-1 and EHV-4
Diseases: RHINOPNEUMONITIS (acute resp. infection), ABORTIONS, and NEUROLOGIC disease (encephalomyelitis)
Host range: EQUIDAE
Transmission: RESPIRATORY, highly contagious, DIRECT contact, fomites, hands
Shedding: latent in TRIGEMINAL ganglion and LYMPHOID tissue, shed in aerosolized secretions from nasopharynx
Equine ______ ________
Etiologic Agent: EHV-3
Disease: _______ ________, herpesviral venereal disease
Host range: _______
Transmission: ________ or _______ (contact w/ AI equipment)
Equine COITAL EXANTHEMA
Etiologic Agent: EHV-3
Disease: COITAL EXANTHEMA, herpesviral venereal disease
Host range: EQUIDAE
Transmission: VENEREAL or IATROGENIC (contact w/ AI equipment)
______ Herpesvirus-1
Etiologic agent: ______, ______
Disease: _______ mortality, ________, _______, balanoposthitis
Host range: _______, ibex
Transmission: ____ contact, trans_______, venereal
Pathology: multifocal necrosis in ______, ____, ____, ____, ____, abomastitis, placentitis
CAPRINE Herpesvirus-1
Etiologic agent: CAPHV-1, BHV-6
Disease: NEONATAL mortality, ABORTION, VULVOVAGINITIS, balanoposthitis
Host range: DOMESTIC GOATS, ibex
Transmission: DIRECT contact, transPLACENTAL, venereal
Pathology: multifocal necrosis in LIVER, LUNG, THYMUS, SPLEEN, KIDNEY, abomastitis, placentitis
Etiologic agent: Porcine herpesvirus-1 (PHV-1) aka ________ virus (PRV)
Diseases: ________, Aujeszky’s disease,
-_______, _______ disease, _______ disease
Host range: Reservoir host= domestic and feral _____
2º host= dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, cats, raccoons, rodents
Tranmission: _______ of aerosolized resp. secretions, ______ of oral secretions
Shedding: via nasal and oral secretions for 2 days to >2 weeks, intermittently by recovered, latently infected swine
Etiologic agent: Porcine herpesvirus-1 (PHV-1) aka PSEUDORABIES virus (PRV)
Diseases: PSEUDORABIES, Aujeszky’s disease,
-ABORTION, RESPIRATORY disease, NEUROLOGIC disease
Host range: Reservoir host= domestic and feral SWINE
2º host= dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, cats, raccoons, rodents
Tranmission: INHALATION of aerosolized resp. secretions, INGESTION of oral secretions
Shedding: via nasal and oral secretions for 2 days to >2 weeks, intermittently by recovered, latently infected swine
Pathogenesis of Pseudorabies
1) Ingestion/Inhalation
2) Replication in ________ and ______
3) Spread via _______ nerves to ganglia, then via the axoplasm to the CNS
4) Non-suppurative _________ and _______
5) Latent infection of cranial nerve ganglia
6) Viremia spread to: ______ tract and fetuses, ________ tract
Pathogenesis of Pseudorabies
1) Ingestion/Inhalation
2) Replication in TONSILS and OROPHARYNX
3) Spread via CRANIAL nerves to ganglia, then via the axoplasm to the CNS
4) Non-suppurative MENINGOENCEPHALITIS and GANGLIONEURITIS
5) Latent infection of cranial nerve ganglia
6) Viremia spread to: REPRODUCTIVE tract and fetuses, RESPIRATORY tract
Etiologic agent: ______
Host range: Felidae
Diseases: Respiratory disease, ocular disease, neonatal mortality
Transmission: aerosolized resp. secretions, direct contact, fomites
Shedding:
1) latent in trigeminal ganglion
2) reactivated by parturition, lactation, stress
Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) UBIQUITOUS
Etiologic Agent: _____
Disease: Systemic, necrotizing, hemorrhagic disease and death in neonatal puppies
Host Range: Canidae
Transmission:
-Oral-nasal route
-Latent in ______ ganglia
-Recrudescence at parturition and infection of pups via vaginal secretions
Incubation: ______
Clinical presentation: puppies under _ weeks of age, abdominal pain, crying, DYSPNEA/TACHYPNEA, rapid progression (1-2 days) to death
Etiologic Agent: Canine Herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1)
Disease: Systemic, necrotizing, hemorrhagic disease and death in neonatal puppies
Host Range: Canidae
Transmission:
-Oral-nasal route
-Latent in SACRAL ganglia
-Recrudescence at parturition and infection of pups via vaginal secretions
Incubation: 3 to 8 days
Clinical presentation: puppies under 4 weeks of age, abdominal pain, crying, DYSPNEA, rapid progression (1-2 days) to death
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
Agent: _______ Herpesvirus-1, _______ _______ virus (ILTV)
Dz: ______ 4 to 18 months of age, _____, decreased ____ production, high MORBIDITY/MORTALITY, variable MORBIDITY/MORTALITY
Host: ______
Txmn: aerosolized resp secretions, mechanical, fomites
Shedding: Latently infected birds
Incubation: - days
Prevention: “All in all out” broiler, MLV ILT vx for breeders and layers
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
Agent: GALLID Herpesvirus-1, INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS virus (ILTV)
Dz: CHICKENS 4 to 18 months of age, RESPIRATORY, decreased EGG production, high MORBIDITY, variable MORTALITY
Host: CHICKENS WORLDWIDE
Txmn: aerosolized resp secretions, mechanical, fomites
Shedding: Latently infected birds
Incubation: 2-8 days
Prevention: “All in all out” broiler, MLV ILT vx for breeders and layers
Marek’s Dz
Agent: _____ Herpesvirus-_
Serotypes= 1) Oncogenic viruses in ______
2) avirulent _____ viruses
3) avirulent _____ viruses
Dz: _ cell lymphoma, Marek’s dz, range paralysis
Host: _____ 12-24 wks, INCREASED/DECREASED resistance w/ age, worldwide occurrence
Txmn: ________
Shedding: carrier birds
1) replicates in _____ follicles
2) shed in feather dander
3) durable in environment
Genetic resistance: MHC alleles, sensitivity of T cells to txformation,
Pathogenesis: txformation due to incorporation of “onc” genes
Marek’s Dz
Agent: GALLID Herpesvirus-2
Serotypes= 1) Oncogenic viruses in CHICKENS
2) avirulent CHICKEN viruses
3) avirulent TURKEY viruses
Dz: T cell lymphoma, Marek’s dz, range paralysis
Host: CHICKENS 12-24 wks, INCREASED resistance w/ age, worldwide occurrence
Txmn: INHALATION
Shedding: carrier birds
1) replicates in FEATHER follicles
2) shed in feather dander
3) durable in environment
Genetic resistance: MHC alleles, sensitivity of T cells to txformation,
Pathogenesis: txformation due to incorporation of “onc” genes
Marek’s Dz Clinical Presentations:
______ MD: acute onset, depression ataxia paralysis
_______: range paralysis, asymmetric wing paralysis, limbs
____ _____: liver, kidney, spleen, wasting, hemorrhage
____ _____: tumor infiltration of iris, blindness
_____ MD: raised nodular lesions @ feather follicles
Marek’s Dz Clinical Presentations:
ACUTE MD: acute onset, depression ataxia paralysis
NEUROLYMPHOMATOSIS: range paralysis, asymmetric wing paralysis, limbs
VISCERAL LYMPHOMA: liver, kidney, spleen, wasting, hemorrhage
OCULAR LYMPHOMATOSIS: tumor infiltration of iris, blindness
CUTANEOUS MD: raised nodular lesions @ feather follicles
What is the prevention and control for Marek’s dz?
Vaccines: Turkey herpesvirus administered in ovum, attenuated serotype I or serotype II viruses
