Hernias Flashcards
Give some examples of different types of hernia (based on anatomical location)
- Inguinal
- Femoral
- Umbilical
- Incisional
- Hiatus
What are the three key complications of hernias?
- Incarceration
- Obstruction
- Strangulation
What is meant by “incarceration” in the context of a hernia
Incarceration can lead to…
The hernia is “trapped”, i.e. it cannot be reduced back to its original position within the abdomen
Incarceration can lead to obstruction and strangulation
What is meant by “obstruction” in the context of a hernia
How does this present?
Where the hernia causes a blockage in the passage of faeces, fluid and gas through the bowel
This presents with the typical symptoms/signs of bowel obstruction
What is meant by “strangulation” in the context of a hernia
How does this present?
Where the hernia is non-reducible and the base of the hernia is so tight that it cuts off the blood supply, causing ischaemia
This presents with significant pain at the hernia site
Describe the options available for management of a hernia
- Conservative (leaving the hernia alone)
- Surgical (either with tension-free repair or tension repair)
What are the two types of inguinal hernia?
- Indirect inguinal hernia
- Direct inguinal hernia
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Where the bowel herniates through the inguinal canal
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Where the bowel herniates directly through the abdominal wall (through Hesselbach’s triangle)
What is a femoral hernia?
Where the bowel herniates through the femoral canal
Which type of hernia is typically at higher risk of incarceration, obstruction and strangulation?
Femoral hernia
Where do incisional hernias occur?
At the site of incision from a previous surgery
Umbilical hernias are common in which age group?
Common in neonates
What is a hiatus hernia?
Herniation of the stomach up through the diaphragm
Describe the management of hiatus hernia
- Conservative, with medical treatment of GORD
- Surgical (laparoscopic fundoplication)
