heredity Flashcards
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Heredity
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
Dominant Trait
a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Recessive Trait
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
Genes
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Alleles
an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic
Phenotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism;also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
Genotype
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
Probability
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
Meiosis
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Sex chromosomes
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
Pedigree
deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live
DNA
in a nucleic-acid chain, a submit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous
Nucleotide
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
Mutations
ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
RNA
