Heredity Flashcards
1
Q
Why is cell division important?
A
- Cell division and reproduction are essential to life
- All organisms need to grow, repair reproduce
- cannot be done without division of the cells
2
Q
Key features of cell division
A
- A key feature of cell division is the passing of chromosomes from the parent to daughter cells
3
Q
Chromosomes
A
- carry information for traits
- through chromosomes traits are passed from parents to offspring (known as heridety)
4
Q
Genetics
A
scientific study of heredity and variation
5
Q
Genetic Material
A
- used to describe all the material in an organism that stores genetic information
- genetic material in chromosomes is stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
6
Q
DNA composure
A
DNA is composed of of chemical subunits that act as chemical instructions for the cell
7
Q
Gene
A
- Each distinct sequence of genetic material
OR - a portion of a DNA molecule that carries the information that helps to produce a particular trait of an organism
Each gene occupies a specific location on a chromosome called a locus
8
Q
Chromosomes and loci
A
- a typical chromosome can carry hundreds or thousands of different genes at different loci
OR - Different genes are all found at different loci on different chromosomes
9
Q
Heredity
A
- When we inherit traits from our parents –> inheriting genetic material
- ## genetic info is contained in segments of our DNA called genes
10
Q
Chromosomes sets
A
- In most multicellular organisms, chromosomes occur in sets
- If there is only 1 set we call it a haploid cell
- If there are 2 sets we call it a diploid cell
- If there are three or more sets we call it a polyploidy cell
11
Q
Reproduction
A
- Organisms inherit information from their parents
- 2 parents (diploids to 2 haploid)- sexual reproduction
- 1 parent (2 doploids)- asexual reproduction
12
Q
Asexual Reproduction
A
- occurs via cell division, or mitosis
- both parents and offspring are genetically identical
13
Q
advantages of Asexual Reproduction
A
- Parent organisms do not have to seek out a mate
- Specialized mating behaviors are not required
- No specialized anatomy is required
14
Q
sexual Reproduction
A
- individuals are produced from the fusion of two sex cells
- Sex cells usually come from two different parent organisms
- Offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically unique
- obtain 23 chromoes form mom and dad
15
Q
disadvantages of sexual Reproduction
A
- specilized organs for sex cells
- specilized mating behaviours can attract prediotors
- loss of resources, like nectar in flowers
- combining of genetic information may make the offspring weak and unable to survive
