Hereditary

Question 1

It refers to the genes that an individual inherits and is expressed in phenotype.

Answer 1

Genotype

Question 2

It is the individual’s observable or measurable characteristics.

Answer 2

Phenotype

Question 3

It is the moment when an ovum released by a woman’s ovary and on its way
to the uterus via the fallopian tube is fertilized by a man’s sperm.

Answer 3

Conception

Question 4

It is a single cell formed at conception from the union of a sperm and an ovum.

Answer 4

Zygote

Question 5

A new cell nucleus which contains 46 elongated, threadlike bodies, each of
which consists of thousands of chemical segments; 46 chromosomes – 23 pairs.

Answer 5

Chromosome

Question 6

It is the basic unit of heredity that work to build a single protein.

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

It is a complex, “double-helix” molecule that resembles a
twisted ladder and provided the chemical basis for development; it makes up the
chromosomes.

Answer 7

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA).

Question 8

It is the process that cells replicate themselves. At first, the zygote divides into 2
cells, but the 2 soon become 4, and 4 become 8, 8 become 16, and so on.

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

Also known as identical twins

Answer 9

monozygotic twins

Question 10

Also known as fraternal twins

Answer 10

dizygotic twins

Question 11

The child lacks the enzyme that prevents mucus from obstructing the
lungs and digestive tract. Many who have CF die in childhood or adolescence, although
advances in treatment have enabled some to live well into adulthood.

Answer 11

Cystic fibrosis

Question 12

Individual lacks a hormone that would enable him or her to metabolize sugar
properly. Produces symptoms such as excessive thirst and urination. It can be fatal if
untreated.

Answer 12

Diabetes

Question 14

Sex-linked disorder that attacks the muscles and
eventually produces such symptoms as slurred speech and loss or motor capabilities.

Answer 14

Duchenne-Type Muscular Dystrophy

Question 15

A sex-linked condition in which a child lacks a substance that caused the
blood to clot. Could bleed to death is scraped or cut.

Answer 15

Hemophilia

Question 16

The child lacks an enzyme to digest foods (including milk)
containing the amino acid phenylalanine. Disease attacks nervous system, producing
hyperactivity and severe mental retardation.

Answer 16

Phenylketonuria (PKU).

Question 17

Abnormal sickling of red blood cells causes inefficient distribution of
oxygen, pain, swelling, organ damage, and susceptibility to respiratory diseases.

Answer 17

Sickle-cell Anemia.

Question 18

It causes degeneration of the central nervous system starting in the
first year and usually dies by age 4.

Answer 18

Tay-Sachs Disease.

Question 19

It is a process in which a large, hollow needed is inserted into the woman’s
abdomen to withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the uterus. Fetal cells in
this fluid can then be tested to determine the sex of the fetus and the presence of
chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome.

Answer 19

Amniocentesis

Question 20

It is a process of collecting tissue for the same tests
as amniocentesis and can be performed during the 8th or 9th week of pregnancy

Answer 20

CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS)

Question 21

. A method of scanning the womb with sound waves that is most useful after
the 14th week of pregnancy (Cheschier, 1996). It is helpful for detecting multiple pregnancies
and gross physical defects as well as the age and sex of the fetus.

Answer 21

Ultrasound

Question 22

It is the development that occurs between the moment of conception
and the beginning of the birth process.

Answer 22

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 23

The first phase of prenatal development, lasting from conception
until the developing organism becomes firmly attached to the wall of the uterus.

Answer 23

THE PERIOD OF ZYGOTE.

Question 24

There is a specific window of implantation during which the blastocyst must
communicate with the uterine wall, position itself, attach, and penetrate.

Answer 24

Implantation.

Question 25

It is a watertight sac that fills with fluid from the pregnant woman’s tissues.

Answer 25

Amnion

Question 26

It is a membrane which surrounds the amnion and eventually becomes the
lining of the placenta.

Answer 26

Chorion.

Question 27

It is an organ, formed from the lining of the uterus and the chorion, that
provides for respiration and nourishment of the unborn child and the elimination of its
metabolic wastes. Maternal blood flowing into the placenta delivers oxygen and
nutrients into the embryo’s bloodstream by means of the umbilical cord.

Answer 27

Placenta

Question 28

It is a soft tube containing blood vessels that connects the embryo to
the placenta.

Answer 28

Umbilical Cord

Question 29

This is the second phase
of the prenatal development, lasting from the 3rd to the 8th
prenatal week,

Answer 29

THE PERIOD OF THE EMBRYO.

Question 30

The outer layer which will become the
nervous system.

Answer 30

Ectoderm.

Question 31

The middle layer which will become
the muscles.

Answer 31

Mesoderm

Question 33

The inner layer which will become the
digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and other
vital organs such as the pancreas and liver.

Answer 33

Endoderm

Question 33

The primitive spinal cord that develops from the ectoderm and becomes
the central nervous system

Answer 33

Neural tube

Question 34

These are any disease, drug, or other environmental agent that can harm a
developing embryo or fetus by causing physical deformities, severely retarded growth, blindness,
brain damage, or even death (Fifer, 2005).

Answer 34

TERATOGENS.

Question 35

A disease that has little effect on a pregnant woman but
may cause a number of serious birth defects in developing organisms who are exposed
in the first 3 to 4 months of pregnancy.

Answer 35

Rubella (German measles).

Question 36

A disease caused by a parasite found in raw meat and cat feces
which can cause birth defects if transmitted to an embryo in the first trimester and
miscarriage later in pregnancy.

Answer 36

toxoplasmosis

Question 37

A common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that may cross the placental
barrier in the middle and later stages of pregnancy, causing miscarriage or serious birth
defects.

Answer 37

Syphilis

Question 38

An STI that can infect infants during birth, causing blindness, brain
damage, or even death.

Answer 38

Genital herpes

Question 39

. A viral disease than can be
transmitted from a mother to her fetus or neonate and that results in weakening of the
body’s immune system and, ultimately, death.

Answer 39

Aids Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Question 40

It is a mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a
variety of malformation of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.

Answer 40

Thalidomide.

Question 41

A synthetic hormone, formerly prescribed to prevent
miscarriage, that can produce cervical cancer in female offspring and genital-tract
abnormalities in males.

Answer 41

Diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Question 42

A quick assessment of the new born’s heart rate, respiration, color, muscle
tone, and reflexes that is used to gauge perinatal stress and to determine whether a
neonate requires immediate medical assistance. The higher the scores, the better the
condition of the newborn. This test was named after its developer, Dr. Virginia Apgar.

Answer 42

Apgar Test.