Hereditary Flashcards
It refers to the genes that an individual inherits and is expressed in phenotype.
Genotype
It is the individual’s observable or measurable characteristics.
Phenotype
It is the moment when an ovum released by a woman’s ovary and on its way
to the uterus via the fallopian tube is fertilized by a man’s sperm.
Conception
It is a single cell formed at conception from the union of a sperm and an ovum.
Zygote
A new cell nucleus which contains 46 elongated, threadlike bodies, each of
which consists of thousands of chemical segments; 46 chromosomes – 23 pairs.
Chromosome
It is the basic unit of heredity that work to build a single protein.
Genes
It is a complex, “double-helix” molecule that resembles a
twisted ladder and provided the chemical basis for development; it makes up the
chromosomes.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA).
It is the process that cells replicate themselves. At first, the zygote divides into 2
cells, but the 2 soon become 4, and 4 become 8, 8 become 16, and so on.
Mitosis
Also known as identical twins
monozygotic twins
Also known as fraternal twins
dizygotic twins
The child lacks the enzyme that prevents mucus from obstructing the
lungs and digestive tract. Many who have CF die in childhood or adolescence, although
advances in treatment have enabled some to live well into adulthood.
Cystic fibrosis
Individual lacks a hormone that would enable him or her to metabolize sugar
properly. Produces symptoms such as excessive thirst and urination. It can be fatal if
untreated.
Diabetes
Sex-linked disorder that attacks the muscles and
eventually produces such symptoms as slurred speech and loss or motor capabilities.
Duchenne-Type Muscular Dystrophy
A sex-linked condition in which a child lacks a substance that caused the
blood to clot. Could bleed to death is scraped or cut.
Hemophilia
The child lacks an enzyme to digest foods (including milk)
containing the amino acid phenylalanine. Disease attacks nervous system, producing
hyperactivity and severe mental retardation.
Phenylketonuria (PKU).
Abnormal sickling of red blood cells causes inefficient distribution of
oxygen, pain, swelling, organ damage, and susceptibility to respiratory diseases.
Sickle-cell Anemia.
It causes degeneration of the central nervous system starting in the
first year and usually dies by age 4.
Tay-Sachs Disease.
It is a process in which a large, hollow needed is inserted into the woman’s
abdomen to withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the uterus. Fetal cells in
this fluid can then be tested to determine the sex of the fetus and the presence of
chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome.
Amniocentesis
It is a process of collecting tissue for the same tests
as amniocentesis and can be performed during the 8th or 9th week of pregnancy
CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS)
. A method of scanning the womb with sound waves that is most useful after
the 14th week of pregnancy (Cheschier, 1996). It is helpful for detecting multiple pregnancies
and gross physical defects as well as the age and sex of the fetus.
Ultrasound
It is the development that occurs between the moment of conception
and the beginning of the birth process.
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
The first phase of prenatal development, lasting from conception
until the developing organism becomes firmly attached to the wall of the uterus.
THE PERIOD OF ZYGOTE.
There is a specific window of implantation during which the blastocyst must
communicate with the uterine wall, position itself, attach, and penetrate.
Implantation.
