Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 22: Reproduction & Fertility > Herd Fertility: Uterine Diseases > Flashcards

Herd Fertility: Uterine Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

how common is uterine disease in diary herds

A

Bacterial contamination of the uterus

Around 8-10% RFM in dairy herds

Around 10-20% develop metritis

Around 10-30% develop endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are normal post partum events

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when do uterine diseases occur post partum

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is retained fetal membrane

A

Retained if not passed within 6-12h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do retained fetal membranes predispose cows to

A

metritis and endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are negative direct impact factors on the physiological changes that occur during uterine involution

A

Immature placentomes

Non-inflammatory edema of chorionic villi (IBR)

Dystocia, C-section

Necrosis between crypts and villi

Hyperemia of placentomes

Inflammation of fetal membranes

Mechanical prevention of expulsion

Induction of parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are negative indirect impact factors on the physiological changes that occur during uterine involution

A

Intensive stress

Fetus related: sex of fetus, stillbirth, twinning

Trace minerals and vitamin deficiency

Subclinical hypocalcemia

Dropsy, hormonal, hereditary, nutritional, circulatory causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the etiology of RFM

A

prematurity - endocrine (estradiol)

suppurative placentitis

failure of uterine contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the risk factors of RFM

A

Premature birth/induced calving

Poor hygiene at birth

Hormonal factors

Infectious placentitis

Over-stretching of myometrium

  • Twins (~90%)
  • Dystocia
  • Hydrallantois

Hypocalcemia

Se, Vit A, D, E?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the incidence of RFM in dairy herds

A

2-50%

usually ~10% in dairy herds

25-50% of dystocias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the clinical findings in RFM

A

Putrefaction from 24h

Aroma

  • Fetid

+/- metritis

Pyrexia

Inappetance

Agalactia

Tenesmus, laminitis (rare)

Diarrhea

Mastitis

Death

Many cows are systemically okay

Affects reproductive performances

  • Submission rate (1st AI SR)
  • Conception rate (1st AI CR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does RFM affect repro performance

A

drops SR and CR a lot

SR (1st AI SR)

CR (1st AI CR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is possible treatment regimen for RFM

A

Leave and monitor temperature and general condition

  • Oxytocin (IM) if difficult calving
  • Calcium 400ml 40% SC if older

If high temperature and poor appetite:

  • Antibiotics (parenteral not intrauterine!)
  • Absorption in this environment is poor and when manipulate the cervix and vagina to place the bolus you will cause trauma
  • NSAIDs/IV PO fluids
    • Toxemia signs

Removal attempts when ready (3-7d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is RFM prevented

A

Transition period (stress)

  • Nutrition
    • BCS
    • Ca
    • Vit A, D, E, Se
  • Management
  • Genetics (breeding management)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does acute post partum metritis occur

A

1-21 (30) days post partum (1-7d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is acute post partum metritis

A

inflammation of whole uterus

17
Q

when is acute post partum metritis commonly seen

A

in 1st lactation

18
Q

what can acute post partum metritis be a consequence of

A

RFM

19
Q

what are the risk factors to acute post partum metritis

A

RFM

Poor hygiene in calving/post partum pen

  • Bacterial colonization
    • Trueperella pyogenes
    • Escherichia coli

Immunosuppression

Vaginal tear (1st lactation)

20
Q

what are clinical signs of acute post partum metritis

A

Depression, inappetance, agalactia, pyrexia

Vaginal discharge:

  • Smelly, watery
  • Homogenous
  • Commonly red-brown

Uterus distended and hard

Hypothermia, peritonitis, death

21
Q

how is acute pp metritis treated

A

Parenteral antibiotics

  • Good perfusion of the uterine layers
  • Intrauterine infusion?
    • Avoid

NSAIDs

  • In severe cases

Fluids PO, IV, hypertonic

22
Q

how is acute post partum metritis prevented

A

Hygiene at calving

  • Perineal hygiene

RFM prevention

  • Nutritional

Heifers breeding management

23
Q

how is vaginal discharge scored

A

grade 1: abnormally enlarged uterus, a purulent uterine discharge, no systemic signs of ill health

grade 2: signs of systemic illness, decreased milk yield, dullness, fever

grade 3: signs of toxemia such as inappetance, cold extremities, depression, collapse

24
Q

what is chronic endometritis

A

Chronic inflammation of endometrium

No systemic signs

25
Q

when does chronic endometritis occur

A

21-45d pp

26
Q

what type of discharge is typically seen with clinical endmoetritis

A

mucopurulent discharge

27
Q

what is clinical endometritis grading based on

A

pus % in dischrage

grades 0-3 (if closed = pyometra)

28
Q

what can chronic endometritis be a consequence of

A

metritis

RFM

29
Q

what pathogens are commonly seen in chronic endometritis

A

T. pyogenes

F. necrophorum

E coli

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of chronic endometritis

A

Cow is NOT sick

Purulent vaginal discharge

Uterus not fully involuted

Nothing

Poor reproductive performance

31
Q

how is chronic endometrtis diagnosed

A

Discharge:

External

Cervical examination

  • Vaginoscope, metricheck

Palpation

Ultrasound

32
Q

how is subclinical endometritis diagnosed

A

problematic

nothing

  • Uterine lavage
  • Cytobrush cytology
  • Bacteriological swabs
  • (biopsy)

poor repro performance

33
Q

what are the consequences of endometritis

A

Economic:

  • Poor reproductive performances — SR, CR
    • Repeat breeding with normal cycle length
    • With abnormal cycle length

Cull rate

Milk yield

34
Q

how is endometritis treated

A

Controversial

Early treatment (30d PP)

Intrauterine antibiotic (cephapirin/metricure)

PGF2alpha (if there is a CL)

Assessment of efficacy?

35
Q

what is pyometra

A

not endometritis

pus in the uterus

always a CL present

36
Q

how is pyometra treated

A

PGF2a (+ intrauterine antibiotics)

37
Q

describe the differences between endometritis and pyometra

A
38
Q

what is shown here

A

endometritis

39
Q

what is shown here

A

pyometra

Module 22: Reproduction & Fertility (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions