Hepatitis and HIV

Question 1

Viruses that produce oncogenic proteins and integrate into host chromosome

Answer 1

HPV

HBV: HBx interferes with function of p53

Question 2

HBV is a stealth virus because

Answer 2

it possesses virulance factors that blocks portions of innate immunity, including the release of IFN-gamma from infected cells

Question 3

HBV attaches to hepatocyte by

Answer 3

bile salt transporter on the surface of hepatocyte

Question 4

_____ is necessary for HCV infectivity

Answer 4

Envelop

Question 5

Replication of HBV genome takes place in

Answer 5

inside and outside nucleus

Question 6

HBeAg: Secreted by

Answer 6

infected hepatocyte into circulation. Not part of mature HBV virion

Question 7

First sign of acute/recent HBV infection is

Answer 7

IgM Anti-HBc

Question 8

best test to detect acute hepatitis A

Answer 8

IgM antibody to HAV;

Question 9

Anti-HBc IgM and ↑ transaminases appear

Answer 9

shortly before symptom onset

Question 10

Most specific marker of acute/recent HBV infection is

Answer 10

IgM Anti-HBc

Question 11

Outcome of HBV infection in adults and children

Answer 11

Mostly full resolution

Child: chronic with cirrhosis and HCC

Question 12

Liver biopsy in HBV infection

Answer 12

Granular
eosinophilic
“ground glass”
appearance;
cytotoxic T cells
mediate damage

Question 13

HAV infection liver bipsy:

Answer 13

“spotty necrosis”
Hepatocyte swelling,
monocyte infltration,
Councilman bodies

Question 14

HCV infection liver biopsy

Answer 14

Lymphoid
aggregates with
focal areas of
macrovesicular
steatosis

Question 15

In adults with hep C most possible outcome is

Answer 15

chronic hep C with progression to HCC

Question 16

Extrahepatic HEMATOLOGIC manifestations of hepatitis C

Answer 16

Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia,
↑risk B-cell NHL,
ITP,
autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 17

Extrahepatic DERMATOLOGIC manifestations of hepatitis C

Answer 17

Sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda,

lichen planus

Question 18

Extrahepatic ENDOCRINE manifestations of hepatitis C

Answer 18

↑ risk of diabetes mellitus,

autoimmune hypothyroidism

Question 19

Envelop of HBV is acquired via budding into

Answer 19

ER

Question 20

Transplacental transmission of HBV occures in

Answer 20

women who develop HBV infection during third trimester, otherwise transplacental transmission donot occur

Question 21

_______ removes the RNA primer, allowing for completion of newly synthesized DNA

Answer 21

Viral RNAse H

Question 22

Confirmation of HIV-2 infection can be made by using

Answer 22

HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay

Question 23

HIV-2 has intrinsic resistance against

Answer 23

NNRTI, fusion inhibitors

Question 24

HIV patients are at ↑ risk of infection with _____ regardless of CD4+ count.
Reason?

Answer 24

encapsulated organisms

due to hampered production of opsonizing antibodies and recruitment of phagocytes

Question 25

D/D of micobacterium avium complex

Answer 25

Cryptosporidium parvum

infects epithelial cells and donot spread through reticuloendothelial system to bonemarrow and lymph nodes.

Question 26

Histology of HIV associated encephalopathy

Answer 26

microglial nodules and multinucleated giant cells.

Question 27

If HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay is negative, what does it mean.
next test?

Answer 27

It means antibodies has not yet developed.

HIV-1 NAT is next test
+ → Acute HIV infection
- →Negative for HIV-1

Question 28

HIV antibodies reduce the viral load but donot eliminate the infection. Why?

Answer 28

due to viral integration into host genome

Question 29

Primary target of neutralizing antibodies against HIV is______

Answer 29

surface glycoprotein gp120 encoded by env

Question 30

Function of HIV nef gene

Answer 30

encodes for a protein that downregulates MHC-1 proteins, reducing ability of cytotoxic T cells to recognize host cells infected with HIV

Question 31

Mutation in ____ gene enables HIV to escape from host-neutralizing antibodies

Answer 31

env