CVS Physio Flashcards
Blood in umbilical vein
PO2:
SpO2:
Po2 of 30 mmHg
80% saturated with 02.
Allantois - urachus
Umbilical arteries
Umbilical vein
Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligaments
Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)
Vitelline veins
Cadinal veins
Umbilical veins
portal
systemic veins
degenerate
Vein of heart that donot join coronary sinus?
Anterior coronary vein
Crista terminalis separates ? ans it is site of origin of?
Smooth sinus venosus from atrial appandage and atria proper
Pectinate muscles
Effect of hyponatrimia on contractility?
↓ extracellular Na+ (↓ activity of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger) → ↑ Contractility
Relations of Pulse pressure:
PP directly proportional to SV and inversely proportional to arterial compliance.
period of highest 0 2 consumption in PV loop:
Isovolumetric contraction-period between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening;
period of highest 0 2 consumption in PV loop:
Isovolumetric contraction-period between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening;
x descent- Reduced or absent in
tricuspid regurgitation and right HF because pressure gradients are reduced.
y descent-
Prominent in ,
absent in
constrictive pericarditis
cardiac tamponade
MR effect on SV, EF, CO
↑ SV
↑ EF
↓CO (forward flow)
Aortic stenosis pulse?
“Pulsus parvus et tardus” - pulses are weak with a delayed peak
BEDDAR
Blowing early diastolic decesendo murmur–AR
MR severity is best indicated by?
S3
Bounding pulse seen in?
carotid?
brachial/ulnar/radial?
AR
Corrigan’s pulse
Watson’s water hammer pulse
Duroziez sign?
AR
“to and fro” bruit appreciated at femoral artery with bell
de Musset sign
Head bobbing with carotid pulsations
Abrupt distention and collapse
Carotid?
Femoral
Pistol shot
Traube sign
Loss of dicrotic notch in?
AR
SA/AV node membrane potential never reaches lower tha -60mV due to….
Why no Na channel activity?
fewer inward rectifier K+ channels
Na Channels need -85mV to function
Phase 4 of SA/AV node?
Slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization of If
QRS complex is taller than T wave because:
Phase 0 is faster than phase 3. (depends on rate of change in membrane potential)
Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy:
pathology?
Complication?
Mutation?
Fibrofatty replacement of RV myocardium → Fibrosis and scarring of RV
Ventricular arrythmias, SCD, but no QT prolongation seen
impaired desmosome function due to mutation in genes encoding desmosomal protein (plakoglobin, desmoplakin)
Treatment of A fib in WPW syndrome?
contraindication
Procainamide, Ibutilide
ABCD
Nerve affected with
LA
RA
Recurrent laryngeal
RA: Phrenic nerve
Origin of idiopathic VT?
RV outflow tract
papillary muscles
In AVNRT ____ pathway is targeted for radiofrequency ablation?
Slow
Sick sinus syndrome:
Bradycardia Sinus pause (Delayed P-wave) Sinus arrest (dropped P wave)
ANP/BNP cause ↓ Na reabsorption at_____
Recombinant form of BNP?
Collecting tubules
Nesiritide
GIT vasodilation?
constriction?
Parasympathetic induced intestinal vasodilation occures in response to digestive chyme passing over intestinal mucosa
Sympathetic tone → Vasoconstriction during exercise or hypovolemia
Hepatic blood flow regulated by?
Hepatic stellate cells via release of Local metabolites
lymphatic blockage causes edema due to?
↑ interstitial fluid colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure
Austin flint murmur
Functional mitral stenosis due to obstruction by aortic regurgitataion
