Fungi

Question 1

first line therapy for tinea capitis in children

Answer 1

oral griseofulvin and terbanifine

Question 2

topical terbanifine is used to treat

Answer 2

dermatophytes

Question 3

echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of ……. in the……….

Answer 3

beta 1,3 glucan (POLYSACCHARIDE synthese), cell wall

Question 4

echinocandins toxicity?

Answer 4

flushing (histamine release)

GI upset

Question 5

Terminafin toxicity?

Answer 5

GI
Hepatotoxic
Taste disturbance
Headaches

Question 6

Griseofulvin toxicity?

Answer 6

Teratogenic, carcinogenic
Confusion, headache
Disulfiram-like reaction
↑ CYP 450 and warfarin metabolism

Question 7

Amphotericin B effect on kidney

Answer 7

Type 1 RTA → ↓ K+ ↓Mg2+

↓ EPO production → Anemia

Question 8

Treatment of candida esophagitis?

Answer 8

Always managed with systemic agents. never treated with local agents

Question 9

Azole having highest level of CNS penetration?

Answer 9

Fluconazole

Question 10

Isavuconazole use?

Answer 10

Aspergillus

Mucor

Question 11

Drugs affecting taste?

Answer 11

Metronidazole: metallic taste
Terbinafine: taste disturbance

Question 12

Histoplasma is inhaled as?

Answer 12

microconidia → converts into yeast in lungs

Question 13

Malassezia is the part of normal skin flora, how it causes disease?

Answer 13

Conversion from yeast form to pathogenic mycelial form results in tinea versiclor

Question 14

Tinea histology?

Answer 14

Branching septate hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain

Question 15

Tinea corporis

Answer 15

Occurs on body (usually torso). Characterized by enlarging erythematous, scaly rings (“ringworm”) with central clearing~- Can be acquired from contact with infected pets or farm animals.

Question 16

Tinea cruris

Answer 16

Occurs in inguinal area . Often does not show the central clearing seen in tinea corporis

Question 17

Tinea pedis

Answer 17

Three varieties:
• lnterdigital ;most common
• Moccasin distribution
• Vesicular type

Question 18

Conversion from ___ form to _____ pathogenic form results in tinea versiclor which is associated with meatballs and spaghetti appearance.

Answer 18

yeast, mycelial

Question 19

C. Albicans at 20’ C exist as____ and at 37’C as_____

Answer 19

single celledbudding yeast with pseudohyphae

germ tubes (trye hyphae)

Question 20

Candida balanitis presentation?

Answer 20

painful, pruritic, erythematous rash on genitals

Question 21

Candidemia caused by

Answer 21

TPN (central venous catheter)

Question 22

Candida vaginitis presentation?

Answer 22

intense vaginal pruritis, white curd-like discharge and labial erythema

Question 23

Candoda intertrigo:

Answer 23

erythematous plaques and erosions with satellite papules and pustules in axilla, genital areas. web space of finger/toes and skin folds (cutaneous candidiasis)

Question 24

Why vaginal candidiasis with antibiotic use?

Answer 24

due to ↓ gram + lactobacilli

Question 25

Presense of ___, ____ and _____ always indicate contamination of sputum with oral flora.

Answer 25

candida, coagulase -ve staphylococcus and enterococcus

Question 26

Absolute neutrophil count can be calculated by ______

Answer 26

multiplying total leukocyte count with % of neutrophils

Question 27

____ prevents from superficial candida infecion

____ prevents from hematogenous/ disseminated candida infection

Answer 27

superficial: T lymphocytes

disseminated : neutrophils

Question 28

Low gammaglobulin level is associated with which infection?

superficial or deep candida?

Answer 28

None