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Microbiology Final > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

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1
Q

Acute Hepatitis

A

A, E

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2
Q

Chronic Hepatitis

A

B, C, D

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3
Q

Fecal derived hepatitis

A

A, E

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4
Q

Blood derived hepatitis

A

B, C, D

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5
Q

Hepatitis immunization

A

A, B/D

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6
Q

“Infectious hepatitis”

A

A

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7
Q

“Serum hepatitis”

A

B

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8
Q

“Transfusion-associated hepatitis”

A

C

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9
Q

“Virus parasite”

A

D

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10
Q

Hepatitis most associated with liver cancer

A

B

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11
Q

Possible course of viral hepatitis

A
  1. Subclinical and anicteric
  2. Typical acute icteric hepatitis
  3. Fulminant hepatitis
  4. Chronic hepatitis
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12
Q
  1. Subclinical and anicteric
A

Recognized by seroconversion

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13
Q
  1. Typical acute icteric hepatitis
A

Incubation period varies depending on type:

  • A: 2-6 weeks
  • B: 2-6 months
  • C: 2-24 weeks (most 6-7)
  • D: 1-6 months
  • E: 3-9 weeks
  • Prodrome (pre-icteric): Fatigue, malaise, anorexia
  • Icteric phase: Yellow skin, elevated liver enzymes
  • Convalescent phase: Disappearance of jaundice and symptoms
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14
Q
  1. Fulminant hepatitis
A

Disease outside the liver

HIGH FATALITY RATE

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15
Q
  1. Chronic hepatitis
A 
Very infectious (lots of virus in blood)
Only for B, C, and D
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16
Q

Hepatitis A

A 
Infectious hepatitis
Does NOT become chronic
Excreted in feces
Food and water borne transmission
Closed populations with poor hygiene
Disease is typically mild
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17
Q

Hep A transmission

A

Entry through intestine after ingestion

Fecal-oral route

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18
Q

Hep A Diagnosis

A

IgM antibody by ELISA

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19
Q

Hep A prevention

A

Handwashing
Avoid contaminated food (uncooked shellfish)
Post-exposure prophylaxis with immunoglobulin
Killed virus vaccine available
EDUCATION (break chain of transmission)

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20
Q

Most common cause of chronic hepatitis

A

Hep B

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21
Q

Most likely results of Hep B infection in adults

A

Resolution

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22
Q

Most likely results of Hep B infection in kids

A

Chronicity

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23
Q

Hep B Antigens

A

HBsAg - Surface antigen
HBcAg - Core antigen
HBeAg - Surface antigen (always have c too)

24
Q

Double-walled Dane particle

A

Infectious form of Hep B

25
Q

Hep B transmission

A

Present in serum, blood, semen

Spread by needle:

  • Acupuncture
  • Piercings
  • Tattooing
26
Q

Major reservoir for Hep B

A

Chronic hepatitis patients

27
Q

Risk factors for perinatal-congenital infection of Hep B

A
  • Chronic infection in mother
  • HBeAg positive mother
  • *90% of infected infants will become chronically infected
28
Q

Populations at risk for Hep B

A 
Healthcare
IV drugs users
Homosexuals
Promiscuous heterosexuals
Institutionalized persons
Family contacts of infected individuals
29
Q

Where does Hep B replicate

A

Liver

30
Q

Hep B clinical manifestations

A

Incubation period of 50-180 days
Insidious onset
Prodrome: Fever, rash (urticarial), arthralgias (symmetrical)
Self-limited in most adults

Subclinical infection possible - Recognized by presence of anti-HBsAg

31
Q

Complications of Hep B infection

A

Cirrhosis
Liver failure
Hepatocellular carcinoma

32
Q

Hep B Diagnosis

A

Clinical symptoms
Liver enzymes
Serum antibodies

33
Q

Antigens secreted into blood stream during infection

A

HBsAg

HBeAg

34
Q

IgM anti-HBc WITH HBsAg

A

Hallmark of initial ongoing HBV infection

35
Q

IgG anti-HBc WITHOUT HBsAg

A

Indicates past HBV infection

36
Q

IgG anti-HBc WITH HBsAg

A

Indicates chronic HBV infection

37
Q

Best indication of the presence of infectious Hep B virus

A

HBeAg

38
Q

Continued detection of HBeAg and HBsAg or both without antibody to these antigens

A

Probable chronic HBV state

39
Q

How long does it take to determine resolution vs chronicity of Hep B

A

At least 6 months

40
Q

Rapid Hepatitis Virus Test detects

A

HBV surface antigen

41
Q

Hep B treatment/prevention

A

NO CURE EXISTS
Can treat to prevent liver damage and progression

Vaccine available!

Immunoglobulin for prophylaxis (w/in 1 week of exposure)
-Give to newborns with HBsAg positive mothers

42
Q

The delta agent

A

Hep D

43
Q

Hep D

A
  • A viral parasite of another virus
  • Replication requires the presence of HBV for helper functions
  • Increases severity of HBV
44
Q

Hep D disease requirements

A
  • Coinfection with HBV

- Superinfection in pts with chronic HBV

45
Q

Fulminant hepatitis most likely with

A

Hep D

46
Q

Hep D transmission

A

Same routes as Hep B

47
Q

Hep D diagnosis

A

ELISA for delta antigen or antibodies

48
Q

Hep D prevention

A

HBV vaccine

49
Q

Post-transfusion Hepatitis

A

Hep C

50
Q

Hallmark of HCV infection

A 
CHRONIC infection (70-85%)
Often progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure
51
Q

Hep C transmission

A

Not well understood

52
Q

Hep C risk factors

A 
IV drug use
Hemodialysis
Blood transfusions
Organ transplants
Contact with health care providers
Tattoos?
53
Q

Factors that promote HCV infection

A 
Alcohol
Infection at age >40
Male sex
Hep B co-infection
HIV co-infection
54
Q

Hep C diagnosis

A

EIA
Seroconversion at 24 weeks

***Chronic state and acute phase viremic patients often escape detection!!! - Direct assays helpful and recommended for confirmation

55
Q

HCV Presentation

A

ASYMPTOMATIC (often) - Goes undiagnosed

56
Q

HCV Treatment

A

Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) - Possible cure

57
Q

HCV prevention

A

Blood screening

Identify compensated, unrecognized infections

Microbiology Final (8 decks)

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