Hepatitis

Question 1

What are the most important cases of viral hepatitis in the UK?

Answer 1

A, B,C ,E

Question 2

What is the most obvious sign of hepatitis?

Answer 2

Jaundice

Question 3

What are the clinical features of HAV?

Answer 3

Mild disease
Fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain
Jaundice
Dark urine

Question 4

What is the management of HAV?

Answer 4

Supportive
Killed virus vaccine

Question 5

What are the clinical features of acute HBV?

Answer 5

Anorexia, lethargy, nausea, fever, abdominal discomfort
Dark urine, jaundice

Question 6

What are the 3 viral forms of HBV?

Answer 6

HBsAg- surface antigen
HBcAg- core antigen
HBeAg- “e” antigen

Question 7

What are the routes of HBV transmission?

Answer 7

Vertical- perinatal
Horizontal- sexual, parenteral (needlestick injury)

Question 8

What are the clinical features of chronic HBV?

Answer 8

Persistence of HbsAg in the serum for more than 6 months
More common in males and immunodeficient
At risk of long term sequelae e.g. chronic liver disease

Question 9

What are the preventative measures for HBV?

Answer 9

Immunisation
Infection control procedures
Screening of blood and transplant donors

Question 10

What are the clinical features of HCV?

Answer 10

Mild disease
Severe hepatitis and jaundice can occur
Chronic infection develops in most
No diagnostic test as it is an RNA virus

Question 11

What are the clinical features of HDV?

Answer 11

Co infection with HBV or superinfection with HBV
In both, the illness is more severe than HBV alone

Question 12

How do you distinguish coinfection and super infection?

Answer 12

High levels of anti-HBc IgM in co infection

Question 13

What are the clinical features of HEV?

Answer 13

Clinically resembles HAV
Mild illness in women and young people, more severe in elderly men