Antibiotics Flashcards
What does bacteriostatic mean?
Stop reproduction and growth of bacteria
What does bactericidal mean?
Kill the bacteria directly
What are the mechanisms of action?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit folic acid metabolism
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
What are the 2 groups of cell wall inhibitors?
Beta lactams
Glycopeptides
What are examples of beta lactams?
Penicillin’s- benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin
Cephalosporins- cefazolin, ceftriaxone
Carbapenems- imipenem
What is the action of beta lactams?
Bactericidal
Bind to penicillin binding proteins in cell wall
Inhibited by beta lactamases
What drugs increase the activities of beta lactams?
Beta lactamase inhibitors e.g. co-amoxiclav
What are examples of glycopeptides?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
What is the action of glycopeptides?
Bactericidal
Gram +ve bacteria
Inhibits peptoglycans in cell wall
IV use only
What are the groups of protein synthesis inhibitors?
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Oxazolidinones
Chloramphenicol
What is an example of an aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
- Bactericidal
- Nephrotoxic
What is an example of a tetracycline?
Doxycycline
- Bacteriostatic
- High oral bioavailability
When should tetracyclines be avoided?
Pregnancy/breast feeding- they can cross the placenta
What is an example of a macrolide?
Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin
What is an example of a lincosamide?
Clindamycin
What is an example of an oxazolidinone?
Linezolid
What drug inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?
Metronidazole
- Effective against anaerobes only
- Metallic taste
- Don’t take with alcohol
What drugs inhibit folic acid synthesis?
Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Co trimoxazole (combo of both)
