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Infection > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
Presents with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea

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2
Q

What is the most common form of gastroenteritis?

A

Viral

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3
Q

What viruses cause gastroenteritis?

A

rotavirus
Norovirus
Adenovirus

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4
Q

What bacteria causes gastroenteritis?

A

E. coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Shigella
Salmonella
Staph aureus.

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5
Q

What is the pathology of E.coli?

A

E. coli 0157 produces the Shiga toxin
Causes abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, vomiting

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6
Q

What is a major side effect of E. coli 0157

A

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
Shiga toxin destroys RBCs

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7
Q

What is HUS?

A

Renal failure
Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

Should antibiotics be used in E.coli infection?

A

Increases risk of HUS so should be avoided

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9
Q

What bacteria causes traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

Campylobacter

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of campylobacter jejuni?

A

Abdominal cramps
Diarrhoea with blood
Vomiting
Fever

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11
Q

How is shigella spread?

A

Faeces contaminating drinking water, swimming pools and food

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of shigella?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal cramps
Fever

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13
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

Eating raw eggs or poultry and food contaminated with infected faeces

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

A

Watery diarrhoea <10 days
Abdominal pain
Vomiting

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15
Q

How is staph aureus spread?

A

Staph aureus produces enterotoxins when growing in food such as eggs, dairy and meat
The enterotoxin causes the enteritis not the bacteria

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of staph aureus enterotoxins?

A

Diarrhoea
Perfuse vomiting
Abdominal cramps
Fever

17
Q

What parasites can cause gastroenteritis?

A

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Entamoeba histolytica

18
Q

What is giardiasis?

A

Infection with giardia lamblia parasite
Releases cysts in the stools of infected mammals which contaminate food or water- faecal oral transmission

19
Q

What is cryptosporidiosis?

A

Ingestions of oocytes in faeces contaminated water

20
Q

What are the principles of management?

A

Good hygiene
Isolate patients
Blood culture and microscopy
Fluid challenge (rehydration)
Antibiotics in patients at risk of complications

21
Q

What are some post-gastroenteritis complications?

A

Lactose intolerance
IBS
Reactive arthritis
Guillain Barre syndrome

Infection (9 decks)

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