Hepatic Fluke

Question 1

Type of this fluke ?

Answer 1

Trematoda

Question 2

Classification of it ?

Answer 2

• hepatic fluke ( fasciola)
• blood fluke ( schistsoma)

Question 3

Classification of hepatic fluke ?

Answer 3

• fasciola hepatica
• fasciola gigantica

Question 4

Geographical distribution?

Answer 4

• fasciola hepatica : in sheep raising areas like egypt
• fasciola gigantica : in cattle raising areas in asia , africa like egypt

Question 5

Compare between hepatica / gignatica

Answer 5

Hepatica
- conical shoulders
- undeveloped digestive system
-testis extend to posterior third
-noncomplete intestine bifurcated with simple branches

Gignatica
- larger
- less conical , and narrow shoulders
- testis don’t extrnd to posterior third
- intestine caeca medial branches T or Y shape

Question 6

Life cycle of it ?
(10)

Answer 6

1- adults live in biliary system
2- immature eggs pass to stool through the bile
3- in the water, it hatches into miracidium
4- miracidium pass into snail lynea ( intermediate host)
5- it leaves the snail as a sporocyst and leptocercous cercaria ( tail )
6- when aquatic vegetation are washed with this water leptocercous cercaria reach it and transforms into ENCYSTED METACERCARIA ( infective stage ) shedding their tails
7- human ( defintive host ) or herpivorous animals ( resrvoir) eat it
8- it turns into larva with digestion
9-larvae starts to pentrate the intestine then liver capsule through peritoneal cavity
10-it passes then through the biliary system

Question 7

Can the hepatic fluke pentrate the skin ?

Answer 7

No , they dont have the enzymes needed so it is turned into encysted metacercaria unlike the blood fluke who stays as cercaria

Question 8

????

Answer 8

1-habitant : biliary system
2- infestive stage : encysted metacercaria
3- diagnostic stage : eggs in stool
4- final host : man
5- intermediate host : snail lynea
6- resrvoir : cattle , sheep ( herpivorous animals )
7- mode of infection : ingestion of contaminated vegetables

Question 9

Pathogensis and manifestations?
(8)

5)(5

Answer 9

1- bile duct hyperplasia
2- dilation
3- inflammation acute or chronic ( granuloma)
4- collagen deposition
5- abscess ( bacteria)
6- eosinophilia
7- fibrosis
8- calcifications

Severity occurs according to
- type of the fluke
- duration of disease
- immunity of patient
Results in
Acute ( invasive stage )
Caused by immature worms
- nausea
- vomiting
- skin rash
- severe abdominal pain
- heptomegaly

Chronic ( patent phase)
Asymptomatic but there may be intermittent complications like biliary cirrhosis, liver cirrhosis fibrosis , pain, jaundice and anemia

Ectopic lesions ( immature worms can travel to any ectopic foci )