HENRY VIII: CROMWELL & FACTIONS Flashcards
What were the three most significant things that Cromwell orchestrated in the 1530s?
- The Break with Rome.
- The closure of the monasteries.
- The role of parliament in the Reformation.
How was Cromwell first noticed?
In the early 1520s, he first came to the attention of Cardinal Wolsey while acting as a legal agent.
What did Wolsey appoint Cromwell as in 1524? What happened to Cromwell during 1526-29?
Appointed as Wolsey’s legal advisor in 1524.
Between 1526 and 29 he became one of Wolsey’s most senior and trusted advisors.
Who was Cromwell working for when he was recognised by Wolsey for his legal expertise?
Charles Knyvett.
How did Cromwell’s talents as a parliamentary manager aid his progression to power?
The way in which he pushed through legislation in Parliament impressed Henry VIII.
What was Cromwell appointed in 1534?
Henry VIII’s principal secretary and chief minister.
What was Cromwell appointed in 1535?
What did he oversee?
Appointed as the King’s vicegerent and oversaw the dissolution of the monasteries.
What did Cromwell take his place on in 1531?
The King’s Council.
Why was Cromwell appointed Henry’s Chief Minister?
Almost certainly due to his promise to resolve the King’s ‘Great Matter’.
How did a failure of Wolsey’s aid Cromwell’s progression?
His failure to secure an annulment, enabled Cromwell to manipulate the king and push him in a direction that he had not considered.
Cromwell’s rise to power was due to what promise he made according to Ambassador Chapuys?
He promised to make Henry ‘the richest king in the Christendom.’
What is Cromwell’s execution an example of?
Factional dominance.
What marriage contributed to Cromwell’s execution?
The Cleves Marriage
What was the most protestant part of Henry’s reign?
Act of Ten Articles and the Bishops Book.
What did Cromwell aim to do through the Cleves marriage?
Fulfil Henry’s desire for a wife and create a strong protestant alliance.
Why was the Cleves marriage a failure?
Henry felt he had been deceived by Anne’s appearance.
What did the conservative faction do with the failure of the Cleves marriage?
‘Incriminate’ Cromwell.
Where is there evidence of Henry’s continued support for Cromwell despite the failure of the Cleves marriage?
Cromwell was made Earl of Essex three months before his execution.
Who arrested Cromwell? When?
Duke of Norfolk, at a privy council meeting in June 1540.
What did the Duke of Norfolk tempt Henry with?
The offer of his young niece, Catherine Howard.
What did Cranmer do about Catherine Howard? What was his intention in doing so?
Sends a letter to say Catherine isn’t a virgin. In order to save Henry’s reputation.
What did Henry allow the Duke of Norfolk to do?
Withdraw from court, rather than executing him for his deception over Catherine.
What did Henry give Cranmer upon finding out there was a plan to incriminate him?
His signet ring as a sign of support - the conservative faction could not arrest him.
What did Henry ask Cranmer to do upon granting him his signet ring?
To investigate the charges against him.
What did Henry demonstrate through his support for Cranmer?
Wanted to display his power and how everyone depended on it.
