HENRY VII: PRETENDERS & THREATS Flashcards
Who were the four main rival claimants to the throne?
- Edward, Earl of Warwick.
- John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln.
- Earl of Surrey.
- Earl of Northumberland.
Who was Henry’s wife? Why was his marriage significant?
Elizabeth of York.
United the rival houses of Lancaster and York.
When did Henry and Elizabeth marry?
18th January 1486
What was the name of the uprising that started in April 1486?
Lovel & Stafford Rising.
Where did Lord Lovel head? Where did the Stafford brothers go?
Lovel = North, planning to ambush the king. Staffords = Worcester, to stir up rebellion in the west.
How did Henry respond to the Lovel and Stafford rising?
Continued his progress.
Sent an armed force to offer the rebels pardon.
Where did Lovel head to after the rebels dispersed?
Flanders.
What did the Stafford’s do after the rebels dispersed?
Sought sanctuary again and were granted it by the church.
Not allowed to seek sanctuary twice.
What year was the Yorkshire rebellion?
1489
What was the main cause of the Yorkshire rebellion?
Parliament’s subsidy of £100,000 for aiding Brittany. Widespread resentment.
Why did Yorkshire feel they shouldn’t have to pay the tax?
Suffering from a bad harvest the previous summer.
Counties to the north of them were excluded from the tax due to having to defend from the Scots.
Who put the case for Yorkshire to the king? What happened to him?
Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland.
Henry refused, he was murdered by rebels.
Who defeated the Yorkshire rebels?
Earl of Surrey.
What year was the Cornwall rebellion?
1497
What was the main reason for the Cornish rebellion?
Heavy tax to finance an expedition north to resist invasion from Warbeck and the Scots.
Why did the Cornish refuse to pay the tax?
Refused to contribute to the northern part of the kingdom.
Where did the Cornish rebels set out from? Who was their most significant leader?
Bodmin.
Lord Audley.
When did the Cornish rebels reach the outskirts of London? How many rebels were there?
16th June 1497.
15,000
Who confronted the Cornish rebels outside of London?
Royal army under Lord Daubeney and Sir Rhys ap Thomas.
How many rebels were killed in the Cornish rebellion?
- Audley was executed.
Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be? Who’s idea was it?
Earl of Warwick.
Richard Symonds.
Where did Symonds take Simnel? Who was Simnel supported by?
Ireland, centre of Yorkist support.
Margaret of Burgundy.
How did Margaret of Burgundy help Simnel?
She sent money and a force of 2000 German mercenaries to Ireland.
What was Simnel crowned in May 1487? Where?
King Edward VI.
Dublin, Ireland.
How was Simnel exposed?
The real Earl of Warwick was exhibited in London.
What year was the Battle of Stoke?
1487
Where did the two armies meet in the Battle of Stoke? When?
Newark, East Stoke.
16th June 1487.
How many men fought on each side in the Battle of Stoke?
Lincoln’s army = 8000
Royal army = 12,000
What was the outcome of the Battle of Stoke?
Yorkist forces decisively defeated.
Lincoln, Schwartz and Kildare’s brother all perished.
Symonds and Simnel were captured.
What does the Battle of Stoke show about Henry VII’s grasp on the crown?
The fact that such a ridiculous scheme almost succeeded indicates the country was unsettled and Henry’s grasp was fragile.
Why was there underlying tension between Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk and Henry VII?
The King refused to allow him to inherit his father’s dukedom.
Who convinced Simnel to impersonate the Earl of Warwick?
Richard Symonds.
What year was the Battle of Stoke?
1487.
Who recognised Warbeck as Richard IV in 1494?
Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian.
How did Henry deal with Lovel’s rebellion?
He offered the rebels a choice of pardon or a battle.
Why did Parliament grant Henry money in 1497? (Cornish)
Finance an expedition to resist King James IV of Scotland.
Who led the Cornish rebels in May 1497?
Lord Audley.
How many rebels were killed in the Cornish rebellion?
1000.
Why did Henry not respond to the Cornish rebellion very quickly?
Perkin Warbeck’s conspiracy.
Why did Henry take his army north during the Simnel invasion?
To minimise the length of time the Simnel invaders had to gather support.
What is the main criticism/conclusion about how Henry dealt with pretenders?
Ridiculous that a scheme this insane could ever gain this much momentum.
How could the pretenders invasions have been successful? Thus, why were they not?
If they had the support of the nobility - Henry had the backing of senior members of both the Yorkist and Lancastrian nobility.
What was one of the main reasons Lovell and Stafford failed?
The rebellions gained little traction because there was no Yorkist pretender to rally around.
