HENRY VII: PRETENDERS & THREATS

Question 1

Who were the four main rival claimants to the throne?

Answer 1

• Edward, Earl of Warwick.
• John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln.
• Earl of Surrey.
• Earl of Northumberland.

Question 2

Who was Henry’s wife? Why was his marriage significant?

Answer 2

Elizabeth of York.

United the rival houses of Lancaster and York.

Question 3

When did Henry and Elizabeth marry?

Answer 3

18th January 1486

Question 4

What was the name of the uprising that started in April 1486?

Answer 4

Lovel & Stafford Rising.

Question 5

Where did Lord Lovel head? Where did the Stafford brothers go?

Answer 5

Lovel = North, planning to ambush the king.
Staffords = Worcester, to stir up rebellion in the west.

Question 6

How did Henry respond to the Lovel and Stafford rising?

Answer 6

Continued his progress.

Sent an armed force to offer the rebels pardon.

Question 7

Where did Lovel head to after the rebels dispersed?

Answer 7

Flanders.

Question 8

What did the Stafford’s do after the rebels dispersed?

Answer 8

Sought sanctuary again and were granted it by the church.

Not allowed to seek sanctuary twice.

Question 9

What year was the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 9

1489

Question 10

What was the main cause of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 10

Parliament’s subsidy of £100,000 for aiding Brittany. Widespread resentment.

Question 11

Why did Yorkshire feel they shouldn’t have to pay the tax?

Answer 11

Suffering from a bad harvest the previous summer.

Counties to the north of them were excluded from the tax due to having to defend from the Scots.

Question 12

Who put the case for Yorkshire to the king? What happened to him?

Answer 12

Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland.

Henry refused, he was murdered by rebels.

Question 13

Who defeated the Yorkshire rebels?

Answer 13

Earl of Surrey.

Question 14

What year was the Cornwall rebellion?

Answer 14

1497

Question 15

What was the main reason for the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 15

Heavy tax to finance an expedition north to resist invasion from Warbeck and the Scots.

Question 16

Why did the Cornish refuse to pay the tax?

Answer 16

Refused to contribute to the northern part of the kingdom.

Question 17

Where did the Cornish rebels set out from? Who was their most significant leader?

Answer 17

Bodmin.

Lord Audley.

Question 18

When did the Cornish rebels reach the outskirts of London? How many rebels were there?

Answer 18

16th June 1497.

15,000

Question 19

Who confronted the Cornish rebels outside of London?

Answer 19

Royal army under Lord Daubeney and Sir Rhys ap Thomas.

Question 20

How many rebels were killed in the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 20

1000. Audley was executed.

Question 21

Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be? Who’s idea was it?

Answer 21

Earl of Warwick.

Richard Symonds.

Question 22

Where did Symonds take Simnel? Who was Simnel supported by?

Answer 22

Ireland, centre of Yorkist support.

Margaret of Burgundy.

Question 23

How did Margaret of Burgundy help Simnel?

Answer 23

She sent money and a force of 2000 German mercenaries to Ireland.

Question 24

What was Simnel crowned in May 1487? Where?

Answer 24

King Edward VI.

Dublin, Ireland.

Question 25

How was Simnel exposed?

Answer 25

The real Earl of Warwick was exhibited in London.

Question 26

What year was the Battle of Stoke?

Answer 26

1487

Question 27

Where did the two armies meet in the Battle of Stoke? When?

Answer 27

Newark, East Stoke.

16th June 1487.

Question 28

How many men fought on each side in the Battle of Stoke?

Answer 28

Lincoln’s army = 8000

Royal army = 12,000

Question 29

What was the outcome of the Battle of Stoke?

Answer 29

Yorkist forces decisively defeated.
Lincoln, Schwartz and Kildare’s brother all perished.
Symonds and Simnel were captured.

Question 30

What does the Battle of Stoke show about Henry VII’s grasp on the crown?

Answer 30

The fact that such a ridiculous scheme almost succeeded indicates the country was unsettled and Henry’s grasp was fragile.

Question 31

Why was there underlying tension between Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk and Henry VII?

Answer 31

The King refused to allow him to inherit his father’s dukedom.

Question 32

Who convinced Simnel to impersonate the Earl of Warwick?

Answer 32

Richard Symonds.

Question 33

What year was the Battle of Stoke?

Answer 33

1487.

Question 34

Who recognised Warbeck as Richard IV in 1494?

Answer 34

Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian.

Question 35

How did Henry deal with Lovel’s rebellion?

Answer 35

He offered the rebels a choice of pardon or a battle.

Question 36

Why did Parliament grant Henry money in 1497? (Cornish)

Answer 36

Finance an expedition to resist King James IV of Scotland.

Question 37

Who led the Cornish rebels in May 1497?

Answer 37

Lord Audley.

Question 38

How many rebels were killed in the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 38

1000.

Question 39

Why did Henry not respond to the Cornish rebellion very quickly?

Answer 39

Perkin Warbeck’s conspiracy.

Question 40

Why did Henry take his army north during the Simnel invasion?

Answer 40

To minimise the length of time the Simnel invaders had to gather support.

Question 41

What is the main criticism/conclusion about how Henry dealt with pretenders?

Answer 41

Ridiculous that a scheme this insane could ever gain this much momentum.

Question 42

How could the pretenders invasions have been successful? Thus, why were they not?

Answer 42

If they had the support of the nobility - Henry had the backing of senior members of both the Yorkist and Lancastrian nobility.

Question 43

What was one of the main reasons Lovell and Stafford failed?

Answer 43

The rebellions gained little traction because there was no Yorkist pretender to rally around.