Henry VIII- annulment💛 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the three main factors in divorcing Catherine of Aragon?

A

-Theological reasons.

-Love for Anne Boleyn.

-Need for a male heir.

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2
Q

What were the main reasons Wolsey was unable to obtain an annulment?

A

-Charles

-Successful opposition from Charles and Campeggio.

-Weakness of theological arguments.

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3
Q

How does Henry justify his love for Anne Boleyn?

A

-He was living in sin and in danger of eternal damnation.

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4
Q

What did Campeggio say about Henry’s feelings for Anne?

A

-Says nothing and thinks nothing but Anne.

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5
Q

Why was Anne Boleyn a reason for divorce?

A

-Henry found Anne youthful, educated and Whitty.

-She was very Coy and refused to sleep with him until the marriage was assured.

-Likely drove Henry crazy.

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6
Q

What does P.Gwyn say about Anne Boleyn?

A

That it would have been tactically foolish for Henry to reveal his love for her.

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7
Q

How is the argument for theological arguments weakened by Henry’s love for Anne?

A

Anne’s sister had been Henry’s mistress which made the marriage just as problematic.

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8
Q

Quotes from Henry’s love letters to Anne?

A

‘the love between us too’

‘give up yourself body and heart to me’

‘your most loyal servant’

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9
Q

What were Henry’s main theological arguments?

A

-Did the pope have the authority to issue the papal dispensation?

-‘Marriage was sinful- evident by the death of sons’

-Leviticus 20:16 (Broken Gods law)

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10
Q

What was Leviticus 20:16?

A

-A man takes his brother’s wife; it is an unclean thing; they shall be childless.

-Had a son with Bessie Blount- Henry Fitzroy supposedly proving this.

-Only had Mary (Hebrew version specifically mentioned sons).

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11
Q

What was the book of Deuteronomy?

A

A man’s duty to follow and marry his brother’s wife, if the brother died.

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12
Q

What year did Henry seek to annul the marriage?

A

1525.

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13
Q

How does Henry Fitzroy strengthen the argument that the need for a male heir was the most important reason for the annulment?

A

-Henry VIII gave him high prestige, lands and titles. (lord Lieutenant)

-Was a knight of the garter.

-Summoned to parliament.

-Was Henry training his ‘jewel’ as king out of desperation. (he died though). (sent to council of nouth).

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14
Q

Why was there no real chance of an heir from Catherine of Aragon?

A

-He stopped sleeping with her in 1524.

-no pregnancy since 1518.

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15
Q

What was Henry’s fear of not having a male heir?

A

-Feared a succession crisis or even civil war upon his death.

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16
Q

What shows the lack of precedent for a female ruler?

A

-shown by king Stephens seizure of the throne in 1135.

17
Q

What is a weakness of the argument that Henry’s need for a male heir was essential?

A

-Henry didn’t rush into the marriage- a smooth succession regarded them to be sixteen

-Henry was 36 in 1527.

18
Q

Why was the legitimacy of his marriage to Anne essential?

A

-Looking back at the ‘stain’ of the princes in the tower.

19
Q

What was the issue of Charles in gaining an annulement?

A

-He was dominating the pope and pulling the strings.

20
Q

Why did Charles oppose the annulment?

A

-Catherine was his aunt- Hapsburg pride.

21
Q

How did Charles attempt to stop the annulement? (1)

A

-Sacking Rome in 1527, meaning the Pope could not grant the annulment because he didn’t want to upset Charles

-Pope deliberate delays.

-Public opposition of the suspension of cloth trade in 1527 and 1528- Charles in control of Netherlands

22
Q

Who were the two main forces of opposition (other than Charles)

A

-Campeggio.

-Catherine.

23
Q

How did Campeggio oppose annulment?

A

Campeggio was instructed by the pope to delay.

-constant complaints and took a year to get to Henry

-suspended court as summer recess demanded in July.

-His agreement was needed.

24
Q

How did Catherine oppose annulment?

A

-Did not want divorce

-Refused to go to convent ‘intended to live and die in the state of matrimony (letter written to Campeggio in 1528).

-Said her and Arthur has not consummated

-John Fisher provided her defence.

25
Q

What to finish

A

Charles and theological

26
Q

How did Charles oppose the annulment (2) (ASK MATT)

A

-French Cardinal rejection of Wolsey’s acting Pope proposal.

-Eventual peace made after battle of Landriano in 1529 where the French defeated.

-Cambrai and Barcelona- peace- no military solution.

27
Q

Why was Book of Deuteronomy more relevant than Leviticus (theological weakness)

A

-Arthur dead.

-1509 Papal dispension-Leviticus was overlooked

-Pope was not going to say he was wrong because of the rising reform movements.

28
Q

What happened when the theological arguments became international?

A

-Catherine and Henry take sides and there are multiple books supporting her along with the Bishop of Rochester.