Henry VII- The nobility💜

Question 1

What was meant by the great chain of being?

Answer 1

The king –> The great peers/ noblemen –> The lesser peers –> knights and merchants –> peasants.

Question 2

How could nobles be useful to the king?

Answer 2

-Taking positions of government and offering advice.

-Earl of Northumberland in the north-east

-the duke of Norfolk in east Anglia

-Stanley’s in the northwest.

Question 3

How can nobles be an issue to the king?

Answer 3

-Too powerful or disgruntled at a lack of patronage and then challenge the crown –> rebellions.

-Land equalled power.

Question 4

What is an overmighty noble?

Answer 4

-Nobles acquire so much land, property, wealth, and men that can challenge the monarch.

Question 5

Who was Warwick the king maker? (an example of an overmighty noble).

Answer 5

-Acquired vast amounts of land through inheritance and rewards for helping Edward VI overthrow Henry VI

• becomes disillusioned with Edward IV after his secret marriage to Elizabeth Woodville.
• supported Henry VI in opposing Edward IV, showing his power, he was crucial in the deposition of Henry VI and Edward IV.

Question 6

Who was Richard III married to?

Answer 6

Anne Neville and when Warwick died, he inherited half of his vast lands in 1471.

Question 7

How was Henry lucky?

Answer 7

-Duke of Norfolk killed at Bosworth (potential overmighty noble).

-The rest of Warwick’s lands went to the ten-year-old earl of Warwick who was locked up.

Question 8

Who were the Stanley’s

Answer 8

-Already owned a lot of land in the northwest of England.

-Last min aid at Bosworth.

-Thomas Stanely married Henry’s mother Margaret Beauford.

Question 9

Who was Jasper Tudor?

Answer 9

-Unmarried 55-year-old uncle.

-Loyal to Henry

-Fought at Bosworth.

Question 10

Who was John De Vere?

Answer 10

-Old Lancastrian who never supported Edward IV.

-Lived in exile.

-Continual support.

-Commander at Bosworth.

Question 11

Who were the Courtenay cousins?

Answer 11

-Old Lancastrian family who had given support to you and fought bravely at Bosworth.

Question 12

Who is Thomas Howard the Earl of Surrey?

Answer 12

-The son of John Lord Howard

-He impressed Henry VII in 1489 when his guard said he would release him, but he refused to accept freedom from anybody but Henry himself.

-He then impressed him again in 1489 when he helped deal with rebels in Yorkshire.

Question 13

How were the Stanley’s rewarded?

Answer 13

Chief justice of the household

Question 14

How was Japer Tudor rewarded?

Answer 14

-Created Duke of Bedford

-Appointed chief justice

-Exception from fees of official documents.

Question 15

How was John De Vere rewarded?

Answer 15

-Earl of Oxford.

-Keeper of lions and leopards in the tower of the
London.

-Restoration of titles

Question 16

How were the Courtenay cousins rewarded?

Answer 16

• recognition as kings councillor

-Keeper of Privy.

Question 17

How was Thomas Howard the Earl of Surrey rewarded?

Answer 17

• the original Howard family estates, but not those acquired by his father.

-He eventually earnt back all of his titles when he won
a victory over the Scots at Hodden

-Duke of Norfolk.

Question 18

How did Henry control the nobility?

Answer 18

-Patronage.

-Henry also reduced the number of nobles during his reign from 50-35.

Question 19

How did Henry control the nobility (the sticks)?

Answer 19

-Bonds and recognises.
-Limiting retainers.
-Acts of attainder.
-Feudal rights
-Restoration of crown lands.

Question 20

How did Henry control the nobility (the carrots)?

Answer 20

-Order of the garter

-Great/kings council.

Question 21

What were bonds and recognises?

Answer 21

-Financial suspended sentences. (sum of money if didn’t do a task).

-46/62 noble families financially linked to Henry.

-Marquess of Dorset and 10k per peer.

-5 heavily fined.

Question 22

What were limiting retainers?

Answer 22

-Recruiting those of a lower social status to advance position in the lands.

-Outlawed in 1487 and 1504.

-In 1504 licence so a lord could employ retainers from the king’s system alone.

1506- Lord Burgavenny- too many retainers for his needs and was fined £5 for every retainer, totalled £70,550- withheld if he didn’t break more rules.

Question 23

What were acts of attainder? (T)

Answer 23

-An act of parliament which declares a person is guilty of treason and loss of property to the crown.

-Economic ruin for the family.

-Special conditions attached.

-51 were passed from 1404- 1409, he reversed 5.

-John Howard Duke of Norfolk, imprisoned and lands taken off him,

-Marques of Dorset had to transferee all lands to trustees and £1,000 recognisances. Didn’t fully gain trust until he helped put down Cornish rebellion.

Question 24

What was meant by feudal rights?

Answer 24

-Henry as king was the greatest feudal lords

-Those who held land owed dues.

-Wardship- taking control of land when a minor inherited it and taking profits. Tied to land and had to pay livery to get it back

-Profited from marriages of heiresses and prevents power blocks forming.

-Relief/ inheritance tax.

Question 25

What is meant by the restoration of crown land?

Answer 25

-No land for good service.

-1486 act of resumption got back all lands given away before the war of the roses.

-Henry had 5X more land by the end of his reign.

-To reward sometimes forfeited lands of opponents.

Question 26

What was the order of the garter?

Answer 26

-37 knights of his closest associates. PRESTIGE.

-Earl of Oxford.

-Reginald Bray

Question 27

What was the great/kings council?

Answer 27

-Great- Discuss matters of emergency. Getting support for controversial topics. 1487- Simnel and 1491 France war.

-Kings- Loyalty Reginald Bray, Giles Dabney Richard Guildford, Thomas Lovell, John Riselly (who had joined Henry in exile).

Question 28

How many noble families linked to Henry through bonds and recognizes?

Answer 28

42/62

Question 29

How many acts of attainder passed by Henry?

Answer 29

51 were passed from 1404- 1409, he reversed 5.