Henry VII💜 Flashcards
what does nobility mean
the quality of being honest/ or royal in blood
what is a pretender
someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognised as such by the current government
who is Wolsey
an English cardinal and statesmen, archbishop of York and lord chancellor
who is Cranmer
a leader of the English reformation and archbishop of canterbury
for what years was the war of the roses between
1455 - 1485
who was the war of the roses between
the house of the yorks and the house of the lancastrians
who was the white rose
the yorks
who was the red rose
the lancastrians
who were the two leaders of the battle of bosworth
Richard III and Henry VII
who won the battle of Bosworth
Lancastrian’s (Henry VII)
what is a usurper
a person who takes a position of power or importance illegally or by force
what is a king maker
a person who brings leaders to power through the exercise of political influence
what did Henry VII do first when he won the crown
moved his reign to the day before the battle of Bosworth started so he could say anyone he fought against was a traitor to the king
why did Henry VII marry Elizabeth of York
to settle the anger between the York’s and Lancastrian’s
how did Henry VII have claims to the throne through his mother Margaret Beaufort
his mother’s great grandma was married to Edward iii third born son
how did Henry VII have claims to the throne through his father
his father’s mother used to be married to King Henry V, and Henry VI made his two half-brothers legitimate
who did henry have to deal with after the battle of Bosworth
Earl of Warwick, John de la pole (Earl of Lincoln), Duke of Suffolk, Earl of Surrey, Earl of Northumberland
how was the earl of Warwick treated after the battle of Bosworth
sent to the tower, but lived in relative comfort
how was john de la pole treated after the battle of Bosworth
he professed his loyalty to henry and was later invited to his council
how was the duke of Suffolk treated after the battle of Bosworth
he professed his loyalty to Henry
how was the earl of surrey treated after the battle of Bosworth
kept in prison until 1489 when henry was satisfied with his intentions
how was the earl of nothumberland treated after the battle of bosworth
he was released from prison at the end of 1485 being given control of northern england as a chance to prove his loyalty
how did lord lovell and the stafford brothers challenge henry through forgein support
they didn’t have any foreign support
how did lord lovell and the stafford brothers challenge henry through domestic support
they had have little support within the midlands and that was it
how was the quality of leadership with the lovell and stafford threat
poor - the plan got leaked
how did henry overcome the threat of lovell and stafford
they didn’t have enough support, they had their plan leaked, and they backed off as soon as henry sent an army to them
how did lambert simnel challenge henry through foreign support
the earl of kildare recognised him as the next crowned king, the sister of richard iii, margret of burgandy, recognises him as her nephew and promises him 2000 armed men
how did lambert simnel challenge henry through domestic support
he had john de la pole join the rebellion, who had every right to claim that the throne was his
how was the quality of leadership for the simnel challenge
henry didn’t find out about it until 1847 but it started in 1846
how did henry overcome the challenge of simnel
after fighting in the battle of stoke for only 3hours henry had won it
how did warbeck challenge henry though foreign support
he had support from charles viii of france, margret of burgandy, and even married james iv of scotland cousin
how did warbeck challenge henry through domestic support
henrys step-uncle william stanley had helped warbeck
how was the quality of leadership for warbecks challenge
henry never had to fight him, he didn’t ever have a plan which made his story weak
how was henry able to overcome the threat of warbeck
henry was able sign the treaty of etaples with france, enforced a trade embargo with brugandy, henrys daughter margret married james iv along with the truce of ayton
how did edmund de la pole challenge henry through foreign support
he fled to burgandy 2x, once got sent back to england and the other he went to maximillian
how did de la pole challenge henry through domestic support
sir william courtenay, william de la pole, sir james tyrell, sir john wydham all got arrested for his actions
how was the quality of leadership for de la poles challenge
it showed henrys policys to be weak eg acts of attainder just made him angry
how was henry able to overcome the challenge of de la pole
he had to pay alot of money eg £10000 to maximillian, it was a coicidence that phillip was sailed to england
whats an act of attainder
the loss of land or right to inherit land taken away by the king
whats an example of the act of attainder
earl of surrey, thomas howard, fought with richard at bosworth so had his lands and titles stripped but was released after oath of allegiance and received most of his titles back
what was the difference between edward vi act of attainder and henrys
e= p-140 r-42
h= p-138 r- 46
what is a bond and recognisance
if fail to be loyal then you have to pay money, formal acknowledgement of debt and obligation
whats an example of a bond and recognisance
thomas grey - if disloyal then between him and his friends they would have to pay £10,000 between them but he proved his loyalty and agreements were cancelled
how many bonds and recognisances were there between 1485 and 1509
36 out of 62 noble families gave bonds and recognisances to henry
what are feudal dues
wardship, marriage, livery, relief, escheals
whats an example of feudal dues
kathrine dowager duchess of buckingham was fined £7000 in 1496 for marrying without the kings liscence, from 1487 to 1507 henry increased this revenue by £5500
what is retaining
recruiting gentry followers, limited the amount of power in the nobles
whats an example of retaining
lord burgavenny was fined £70,550 for retaining illegally
what is crown lands
the amount of land owned by the king, he would make a wage of this land
whats an example of crown land
the amount of crown land was five times larger by the later years of henrys reign - income increased from £29000 to £42000 from 1485 to 1509
whats is patronage
the giving of positions or power, titles, land etc
whats an example of patronage
the earl of oxford, john de vere, became a major land owner in east anglia
whats the order of the garter
a significant honour reserved for the kings closest servants
whats an example of the order of the garter
37 knights of the garter, eg earl of oxford and robert willoughby
whats an example of the kings council
john morton and william warham kept their positions as chancellor for a long period of time
what is the kings council
a sign of the kings confidence
what is the great council
noble men called together by the king to talk matters of emergency
what are examples for the great council
there were five overall councils called, eg 1485 for the calling of parliament and the announcement of henrys marriage
what are the rewards henry used for his nobles
great council, kings council, patronage, order of the garter
what are the sanctions henry used for his nobles
acts of attainder, retaining, feudal dues, crown land and bonds and recognisances
what was the policy called for henrys rewards and sanctions
carrot and stick
why would a king need money
wars, palaces, ceremonies, marriages, security
what were henrys three main aims
re-organisation of the financial administration, exploiting sources of ordinary revenue, increasing income from extra-ordinary revenue
whats the evidence that henry is broke
first year he recieved a meer £11700 for his lands, when the feast day of st george came around in 1487 there was no money for it, he needed loans for his coronation, marriage and his progress up north to supress the rebellion
what was the exchequer
for a number of centuries the crown relied on this to be its basis of finance
whats the exchequers two functions
to recieve and pay out money and to audit accounts
why was there very little corruption from the treasury
the punishment for crimes commited were so severe it put off many
what was the primary weakness of the exchequer
it was very slow, audits took two years to complete which meant the crown was always going to be short of money
what was the chamber
a new insitution that was flexible and was a favourite of edward iv
why did henry like the chamber
it was closer to him - in the kings chamber and was personally appointed by the king
what was the council learned in law
a highly controversial tribunal of henry vii reign that was introduced in 1495 to defend henrys position as feudal land lord
what did the council learned in law do
dealt with the kings’ fiscal matters and enforced payments of debts, ran by richard epson and edmund dudley, was used to enforce bonds and recognisances
what was the four ways henry dealt with ordinary revenue
crown lands, feudal dues, custom duties, profits of justice
what is custom duties
the system of imports and outports
what are examples of custom duties
in the last 20 years of edward iv reign he made £70000, in the reign of henry he only made £40000
why did the custom duties fail
smuggling
what is the profits of justice
rather than executing people he would fine them,
whats an example of profits of justice
william stanley had to pay £9000, had all his lands taken off him and was later executed for helping warbeck
