Henry VII- Government/ domestic policyđź’ś Flashcards
What was the kings council?
- advise the king, administer law and order and prosecute noblemen.
-227 councillors eligible to sit but only 40 did regularly.
-1/2 church rest nobility.
-Promoted members of the gentry to the council- especially lawyers.
What are the sub-categories of the kings council?
-Courts of request.
-Court of general surveyors.
-The council learned in law.
What are the courts of request?
-Delt with requests from ordinary people.
What are the courts of general surveyors?
-Checked revenue coming in from crown lands.
What is the council learned in law?
-Staffed by lawyers and property experts.
-Delt with problems concerning wardship/ lands
-managing rents and bonds/ recognises. (falsified no appeals).
-Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Puntley.
What were the main roles and functions of parliament?
-House of commons and Lords, traditionally used to raise taxes.
-Only used seven times in Henrys 24 year reign for a total of 12 months.
-Mainly used to pass acts of attainder and laws.
-Only king could call on parliament- did to secure himself.
What were the most important jobs in the government?
-Lord chancellor.
-Lord Privy seal,
-The lord treasurers
What and who was a lord chancellor?
-Responsible for administration.
-Henry had 4, John Matron the longest serving.
Who and what is a lord privy seal?
-Responsible for the seals to enforce royal orders.
-Bishop Richard Fox had this role from 1487-1509.
Who and what was a lord treasurer?
-Responsible for finance.
-John Lord Bytham.
What was Northern England like?
-it could be a lawless area and was essential for defence against the Scots.
Who was initially in charge of Northern England and who did it change to?
-Earl of Northumberland
-Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey (loyal and no vested interest).
What was Wales like?
-Very difficult area to run
-Cause of great disorder during the war of the roses.
What were the northern countries called?
The principality of wales.
Who was the rest of the country ran by?
-The great noblemen known as the marcher lords who had a lot of freedom from the crown.
Who was running Wales in 1485?
-Jasper Tudor led by Henry’s son Arthur.
How many marcher lords in 1495?
-the great marcher lords reduced from 50 in 1485 to around 24.
Which area in Ireland did the king directly govern?
Pale.
Who was the rest of Ireland governed by?
-Anglo-Irish Lords and Irish chieftains.
-No English king had managed to dominate Ireland
Why did Henry’s predecessors find it easier to deal with Ireland?
-buy off the Irish nobility- titles and some power
-Lord Kildare for example was appointed Lord Deputy and Chancellor of Ireland in 1485.
-But Henry had to be careful because Kildare involved in Simnel plot.
Who did Henry send to attempt to govern Ireland?
-Prince Henry Lord Lieutenant and sent Sir Edward Ponying’s over as his Deputy.
What was “Poynings law”
-no Irish Parliament could pass legislation that had not already been approved by the King’s Council.
Why did Poynings law fail and what did Henry have to do?
-Tried to use a monarchical style.
-Revert to buying off chieftains
-Lord Kildare restored as Deputy.
What problems did Henry VII face in the local government?
-Lacked his own paid officials in every area to enforce his laws, the king had to rely on the noblemen.
What was the local law enforcement like before and at the beginning of Henry’s reign?
-Every county had a sheriff appointed by landowners annually and kept the king’s peace by arresting and prosecuting criminals.
-Henry VII gradually reduced their role and influence and gave more powers to the JP’s.
What is a JP?
-Around since the twelfth century.
-the chief local government officers.
-Maintenance of public order.
What new responsibilities were JP’s given?
-Dispensing justice.
-Rewarding informants.
-Empowered to grant bail.
-Replacing suspect juries.
-Acting without a jury in non -capital offences.
What was the issue with JP’s?
-Were still limited by the fact they had to rely on landowners and other officials bringing suspected criminals to them.
Who employed the JP’s?
-They were appointed annually directly from the crown.
-Henry VII mainly appointed members of the gentry.
Which parts of government were a success?
-Central government.
-Parliament.
-Regional government.
-Local government.
How was the central government a success?
-strong central government
-reformation of the king’s council
How was parliament a success?
-The parliament didn’t meet many times.
-Used parliament as a tool to get what he wanted.
How was regional government a success?
-The Earl of Northumberland died and an Unbiast noble was appointed.
-Kept a very close eye on them, appointing his uncle to govern Wales.
How was local government a success?
-Nobody rebelled against it.
-Increased the JP’s powers a small but effective amount.
Who were the key characters in Henry’s government?
-Bishop Richard Fox.
-Cardinal Morton.
-Sir Reginald Bray.
-Sir John Poynings.
-Edmund Dudley.
-Richard Empson.
-Lord Dytham.
Who was Bishop Richard Fox?
-One of the chief ministers and a secretary
-Lord Privy seal
Who was Cardinal Morton?
-Archbishop of Canterbury in 1486
-Lord Chancellor in 1487
-1493- cardinal
-Reencourage nobility to give loans.
-Warned Henry about Richard!!
Who was Sir Reginald Bray? (bramley)
-council learned in law
Who was Sir John Poynings?
-Helped negotiate the holy league in 1513.
Who was Edmund Dudley? (dude wow!)
-President of the king’s council
-A body of lawyers that helped re-establish the payment of feudal dues.
Who was Richard Empson?
-Minister of Henry VII
-Kings council
-Chaired council in law
-spy network.
Who was Lord Dytham? (Die)
-Lord high treasurer of England.
-Lieutenant of Calais.
Who is the centre of the government (intro)
-Henry
-the next was the council (small group).
Who makes up the council?
-Nobility
-churchmen
-lawyers (Empson and Dudley)
What were courtiers?
-Try to gain support of king to aid them with legal issues.
-Influence of them depended on relationship with King.
-Included the household proper, the chamber.
What is the privy chamber?
-Retreat.
-Secluded king.
Common system of tax under Henry?
-fifteenths and tenths.
Who ruled Ireland but were stripped of all titles because of Perkin Warbeck support?
The Geraldine family (Kildare as its head).
Which Irish ruler was first?
Geraldine’s- Poynings- back to Geraldine’s.
Overriding reason why Henry could just not support Ireland?
-Money.
