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Tudorsđź’™ > Henry VII- Government/ domestic policyđź’ś > Flashcards

Henry VII- Government/ domestic policyđź’ś Flashcards

1
Q

What was the kings council?

A
  • advise the king, administer law and order and prosecute noblemen.

-227 councillors eligible to sit but only 40 did regularly.

-1/2 church rest nobility.

-Promoted members of the gentry to the council- especially lawyers.

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2
Q

What are the sub-categories of the kings council?

A

-Courts of request.

-Court of general surveyors.

-The council learned in law.

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3
Q

What are the courts of request?

A

-Delt with requests from ordinary people.

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4
Q

What are the courts of general surveyors?

A

-Checked revenue coming in from crown lands.

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5
Q

What is the council learned in law?

A

-Staffed by lawyers and property experts.

-Delt with problems concerning wardship/ lands

-managing rents and bonds/ recognises. (falsified no appeals).

-Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Puntley.

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6
Q

What were the main roles and functions of parliament?

A

-House of commons and Lords, traditionally used to raise taxes.

-Only used seven times in Henrys 24 year reign for a total of 12 months.

-Mainly used to pass acts of attainder and laws.

-Only king could call on parliament- did to secure himself.

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7
Q

What were the most important jobs in the government?

A

-Lord chancellor.

-Lord Privy seal,

-The lord treasurers

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8
Q

What and who was a lord chancellor?

A

-Responsible for administration.

-Henry had 4, John Matron the longest serving.

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9
Q

Who and what is a lord privy seal?

A

-Responsible for the seals to enforce royal orders.

-Bishop Richard Fox had this role from 1487-1509.

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10
Q

Who and what was a lord treasurer?

A

-Responsible for finance.

-John Lord Bytham.

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11
Q

What was Northern England like?

A

-it could be a lawless area and was essential for defence against the Scots.

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12
Q

Who was initially in charge of Northern England and who did it change to?

A

-Earl of Northumberland

-Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey (loyal and no vested interest).

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13
Q

What was Wales like?

A

-Very difficult area to run

-Cause of great disorder during the war of the roses.

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14
Q

What were the northern countries called?

A

The principality of wales.

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15
Q

Who was the rest of the country ran by?

A

-The great noblemen known as the marcher lords who had a lot of freedom from the crown.

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16
Q

Who was running Wales in 1485?

A

-Jasper Tudor led by Henry’s son Arthur.

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17
Q

How many marcher lords in 1495?

A

-the great marcher lords reduced from 50 in 1485 to around 24.

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18
Q

Which area in Ireland did the king directly govern?

A

Pale.

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19
Q

Who was the rest of Ireland governed by?

A

-Anglo-Irish Lords and Irish chieftains.

-No English king had managed to dominate Ireland

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20
Q

Why did Henry’s predecessors find it easier to deal with Ireland?

A

-buy off the Irish nobility- titles and some power

-Lord Kildare for example was appointed Lord Deputy and Chancellor of Ireland in 1485.

-But Henry had to be careful because Kildare involved in Simnel plot.

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21
Q

Who did Henry send to attempt to govern Ireland?

A

-Prince Henry Lord Lieutenant and sent Sir Edward Ponying’s over as his Deputy.

22
Q

What was “Poynings law”

A

-no Irish Parliament could pass legislation that had not already been approved by the King’s Council.

23
Q

Why did Poynings law fail and what did Henry have to do?

A

-Tried to use a monarchical style.

-Revert to buying off chieftains

-Lord Kildare restored as Deputy.

24
Q

What problems did Henry VII face in the local government?

A

-Lacked his own paid officials in every area to enforce his laws, the king had to rely on the noblemen.

25
Q

What was the local law enforcement like before and at the beginning of Henry’s reign?

A

-Every county had a sheriff appointed by landowners annually and kept the king’s peace by arresting and prosecuting criminals.

-Henry VII gradually reduced their role and influence and gave more powers to the JP’s.

26
Q

What is a JP?

A

-Around since the twelfth century.

-the chief local government officers.

-Maintenance of public order.

27
Q

What new responsibilities were JP’s given?

A

-Dispensing justice.

-Rewarding informants.

-Empowered to grant bail.

-Replacing suspect juries.

-Acting without a jury in non -capital offences.

28
Q

What was the issue with JP’s?

A

-Were still limited by the fact they had to rely on landowners and other officials bringing suspected criminals to them.

29
Q

Who employed the JP’s?

A

-They were appointed annually directly from the crown.

-Henry VII mainly appointed members of the gentry.

30
Q

Which parts of government were a success?

A

-Central government.

-Parliament.

-Regional government.

-Local government.

31
Q

How was the central government a success?

A

-strong central government

-reformation of the king’s council

32
Q

How was parliament a success?

A

-The parliament didn’t meet many times.

-Used parliament as a tool to get what he wanted.

33
Q

How was regional government a success?

A

-The Earl of Northumberland died and an Unbiast noble was appointed.

-Kept a very close eye on them, appointing his uncle to govern Wales.

34
Q

How was local government a success?

A

-Nobody rebelled against it.

-Increased the JP’s powers a small but effective amount.

35
Q

Who were the key characters in Henry’s government?

A

-Bishop Richard Fox.

-Cardinal Morton.

-Sir Reginald Bray.

-Sir John Poynings.

-Edmund Dudley.

-Richard Empson.

-Lord Dytham.

36
Q

Who was Bishop Richard Fox?

A

-One of the chief ministers and a secretary

-Lord Privy seal

37
Q

Who was Cardinal Morton?

A

-Archbishop of Canterbury in 1486

-Lord Chancellor in 1487

-1493- cardinal

-Reencourage nobility to give loans.

-Warned Henry about Richard!!

38
Q

Who was Sir Reginald Bray? (bramley)

A

-council learned in law

39
Q

Who was Sir John Poynings?

A

-Helped negotiate the holy league in 1513.

40
Q

Who was Edmund Dudley? (dude wow!)

A

-President of the king’s council

-A body of lawyers that helped re-establish the payment of feudal dues.

41
Q

Who was Richard Empson?

A

-Minister of Henry VII

-Kings council

-Chaired council in law

-spy network.

42
Q

Who was Lord Dytham? (Die)

A

-Lord high treasurer of England.

-Lieutenant of Calais.

43
Q

Who is the centre of the government (intro)

A

-Henry

-the next was the council (small group).

44
Q

Who makes up the council?

A

-Nobility

-churchmen

-lawyers (Empson and Dudley)

45
Q

What were courtiers?

A

-Try to gain support of king to aid them with legal issues.

-Influence of them depended on relationship with King.

-Included the household proper, the chamber.

46
Q

What is the privy chamber?

A

-Retreat.

-Secluded king.

47
Q

Common system of tax under Henry?

A

-fifteenths and tenths.

48
Q

Who ruled Ireland but were stripped of all titles because of Perkin Warbeck support?

A

The Geraldine family (Kildare as its head).

49
Q

Which Irish ruler was first?

A

Geraldine’s- Poynings- back to Geraldine’s.

50
Q

Overriding reason why Henry could just not support Ireland?

A

-Money.

Tudorsđź’™ (23 decks)

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