Henry VII's foreign policy Flashcards
Henry VII’s aims for foreign policy (3 things)
Remove threat of invasion and national security, recognition for Tudor dynasty, and improve finances through trade (all achieved through avoidance of war and seeking allies)
Relations with France (3 things)
1)Breton crisis - France keen to take Brittany but would place all of channel coast in French hands. When Maximilian made peace with France, Brittany forced to accept defeat with Anne marrying Charles VIII of France. 2)War with France - asserted claim to French throne and launched invasion force in Oct 1492 - late in campaigning season - France bothered about italy and offered peace - led to Treaty of Etaples - France would pay French pension of £5,000 per year (5% of income) and would not aid English rebels. 3) Relations after 1492 - England added to Holy League anti-French in 1496 but signed trade treaty with France same time. League of Cambrai 1508 - anti Spanish alliance but France did not want to antagonise Spain - left England isolated
Relations with Scotland (2 things)
Warbeck - married to James’s cousin and given military aid but invasion failure - led to peace - Truce of Ayton 1997. 2) Improvement in relations - first peace agreement since 1328 - marriage between Henry’s daughter Margaret and James IV in 1503. Prevented full scale war.
Relations with Burgundy 2 things
Support for Yorkists and pretenders resulted in trade embargo between 1493-96. Ended with Magnus Intercursus. 2) 1506 - relations improved after Philip shipwrecked - Malus Intercursus - Henry got Edmund De la Pole
Relations with Spain (2 things)
1)Henry sought marriage between Catherine and Arthur in 1488 - resultant treaty - Medina Del Campo - 1489 - Spain would not help English rebels, help in war against France and trade be improved. 2)Isabella’s death 1504 led to marriage less appealing until Ferdinand retook Castile. However Ferdinand rejected marriage of Catherine and Henry - Henry moved towards anti-Spanish alliance
Marriage alliances with Spain
Catherine and Arthur in 1489 and married in 1496. Betrothed to Henry in 1503 after Arthur’s death.
Marriage alliances with Scotland
Peace of Ayton - 1499 - Henry’s daughter Margaret to James IV in 1503.
Failed marriage arrangements
Tried to re marry - Joanna of Castile and Joanna of Naples - both unsuccessful. Mary to Charles also unsuccessful.
Trade with Burgundy (2 things)
Trade embargo 1493-96 due to support of Warbeck. Ended by Magnus Intercursus - allowed English merchants to sell their goods anywhere in Philip’s land except Flanders, without paying tolls or customs. 1506 -Henry exploited Philip being shipwrecked - Malus Intercursus - trade with Burgundy to be free, no duties on English cloth - too favourable - Malus restoed 1507.
Trade with Spain (2 things)
Imposed Navigations Acts 1485-86 - limited foreign control of free trade. Spain result in banning English trade to New World. Medina Del Campo 1489 - both had same rights in each other countries and duties fixed at a low rate.
Other trade agreements (2 things)
Treaty’s signed with Brittany, Portugal and Florence. Trade after Antwerp big in Baltics dominated by Hanseatic League - attempted to limit privileges but failed as Henry worried would support Yorkist claimants
