Henry VII - Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

In general, what were the three key aims of Henry VII’s foreign policy?

A

National security, recognition of the Tudor dynasty, increasing finances

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Redon?

A

1489

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3
Q

The Treaty of Medina del Campo agreed the betrothal of which two people?

A

Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

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4
Q

Who married James IV in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?

A

Princess Margaret (Henry VII’s daughter)

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5
Q

Why did Henry get involved in the ‘Breton Crisis’?

A

Owed the Breton’s (they had supported him before he became king), if the French took over Brittany it would increase the threat to England

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6
Q

Who was in charge of Brittany?

A

Anne of Brittany

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7
Q

Why did the Breton Crisis become so dangerous for Henry in 1489?

A

His army was trapped in France after Anne married Charles VIII France & Perkin Warbeck was brought to the French court

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8
Q

Why did Henry gamble on an invasion of France in 1492?

A

His spies reported that France was more invested in Italy and did not was a war

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9
Q

In what ways was Henry’s FP with France a success/failure?

A

Success: gained lucrative pension, stopped support for Warbeck
Failure: Threat of national and dynastic security, Brittany was annexed (the whole reason for the whole event in the first place!)

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10
Q

Who was the Holy Roman Emperor?

A

Maximilian I

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11
Q

Why was it important to keep good relations with Burgundy?

A

Trade - the Cloth trade went through Antwerp which was under Burgundy’s control

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12
Q

What is a trade embargo?

A

A cancelling/blocking of all trade between countries?

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13
Q

Why did Henry put a trade embargo on Burgundy?

A

Margaret of Burgundy’s support for Perking Warbeck

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14
Q

What is the significance of the embargo on Burgundy when looking at Henry’s FP aims?

A

Showed Henry was willing to sacrifice England’s economy for his personal dynastic security

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15
Q

What was the name of the treaty that ended the trade embargo between England and Burgundy?

A

Intercursus Magnus

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16
Q

When was the Intercursus Magnus signed?

A

1496

17
Q

What was the Intercursus Malus and when was it signed?

A

One sided trade deal in England’s favour. Signed 1506 but never enforced. Also agreed for Earl of Suffolk (minor Yorkist claimant) to be handed over to Henry

18
Q

When was the Treaty of Windsor signed and who with?

A

1506 with Infanta Juana

19
Q

Which two Kingdoms made up what was to become ‘Spain’?

A

Aragon and Castile

20
Q

When did Prince Arthur die?

A

1502

21
Q

When did Isabella of Castile die?

A

1504

22
Q

How was Ferdinand of Aragon able to keep control over Castile?

A

Claimed Juana had gone mad with grief after death of her husband (Philip of Burgundy)

23
Q

In response to Henry backing Juana, what did Ferdinand declare about Catherine of Aragon?

A

She would never marry Prince Henry (Henry VIII) as long as Henry VII was alive

24
Q

In what ways was Henry’s FP with Spain a success/failure?

A

Success: Medina del Campo encouraged trade & secured dynastic recognition through marriage of Arthur (later Henry VIII) and Catherine of Aragon
Failure: Arthur died in 1502 (not Henry’s fault), rivalry with Ferdinand in later years left Henry diplomatically isolated

25
Q

Who did James IV marry to his cousin, Lady Catherine Gordon?

A

Perkin Warbeck

26
Q

When did James IV invade England?

A

1496

27
Q

Why did Henry sign the Truce of Ayton in 1497?

A

Cornish Rebellion began

28
Q

Whose death significantly helped Anglo-Scottish relations?

A

Perkin Warbeck

29
Q

When did James IV marry Princess Margaret?

A

1503

30
Q

In what ways was Henry’s FP with Scotland a success/failure?

A

Success: Dynastic recognition through marriage, Showed strength in stopping Scottish invasion, relations with Scotland better than they had been in decades
Failure: Threat of Warbeck (but quickly stopped via Ayton)

31
Q

What was the name of the region of Ireland that the English properly controlled?

A

The Pale

32
Q

Which noble was the most powerful in Ireland?

A

Earl of Kildare (Gerald FitzGerald)

33
Q

Which two people did Henry put in charge of Ireland?

A

Prince Henry (became Lieutenant of Ireland) & Sir Edward Poynings (deputy to Henry… Henry was two years old!)

34
Q

What did Poynings Law decree?

A

Irish Parliament could pass no law without English approval & attempted to impose English law in Ireland

35
Q

What town was besieged by Warbeck in Ireland in 1495?

A

Waterford

36
Q

How did Henry stop support for Warbeck in Ireland?

A

Reinstated Kildare to his previous position

37
Q

In what ways was Henry’s FP in Ireland a success/failure?

A

Success: secured loyalty of Irish (eventually), stopped support for Warbeck
Failure: Caused unrest when dismissing Kildare, at fault for Warbeck threat in 1495, waste of resources when dismissing Kildare in the first place