Henry VII - Foreign Policy Flashcards
In general, what were the three key aims of Henry VII’s foreign policy?
National security, recognition of the Tudor dynasty, increasing finances
When was the Treaty of Redon?
1489
The Treaty of Medina del Campo agreed the betrothal of which two people?
Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
Who married James IV in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?
Princess Margaret (Henry VII’s daughter)
Why did Henry get involved in the ‘Breton Crisis’?
Owed the Breton’s (they had supported him before he became king), if the French took over Brittany it would increase the threat to England
Who was in charge of Brittany?
Anne of Brittany
Why did the Breton Crisis become so dangerous for Henry in 1489?
His army was trapped in France after Anne married Charles VIII France & Perkin Warbeck was brought to the French court
Why did Henry gamble on an invasion of France in 1492?
His spies reported that France was more invested in Italy and did not was a war
In what ways was Henry’s FP with France a success/failure?
Success: gained lucrative pension, stopped support for Warbeck
Failure: Threat of national and dynastic security, Brittany was annexed (the whole reason for the whole event in the first place!)
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor?
Maximilian I
Why was it important to keep good relations with Burgundy?
Trade - the Cloth trade went through Antwerp which was under Burgundy’s control
What is a trade embargo?
A cancelling/blocking of all trade between countries?
Why did Henry put a trade embargo on Burgundy?
Margaret of Burgundy’s support for Perking Warbeck
What is the significance of the embargo on Burgundy when looking at Henry’s FP aims?
Showed Henry was willing to sacrifice England’s economy for his personal dynastic security
What was the name of the treaty that ended the trade embargo between England and Burgundy?
Intercursus Magnus
When was the Intercursus Magnus signed?
1496
What was the Intercursus Malus and when was it signed?
One sided trade deal in England’s favour. Signed 1506 but never enforced. Also agreed for Earl of Suffolk (minor Yorkist claimant) to be handed over to Henry
When was the Treaty of Windsor signed and who with?
1506 with Infanta Juana
Which two Kingdoms made up what was to become ‘Spain’?
Aragon and Castile
When did Prince Arthur die?
1502
When did Isabella of Castile die?
1504
How was Ferdinand of Aragon able to keep control over Castile?
Claimed Juana had gone mad with grief after death of her husband (Philip of Burgundy)
In response to Henry backing Juana, what did Ferdinand declare about Catherine of Aragon?
She would never marry Prince Henry (Henry VIII) as long as Henry VII was alive
In what ways was Henry’s FP with Spain a success/failure?
Success: Medina del Campo encouraged trade & secured dynastic recognition through marriage of Arthur (later Henry VIII) and Catherine of Aragon
Failure: Arthur died in 1502 (not Henry’s fault), rivalry with Ferdinand in later years left Henry diplomatically isolated
Who did James IV marry to his cousin, Lady Catherine Gordon?
Perkin Warbeck
When did James IV invade England?
1496
Why did Henry sign the Truce of Ayton in 1497?
Cornish Rebellion began
Whose death significantly helped Anglo-Scottish relations?
Perkin Warbeck
When did James IV marry Princess Margaret?
1503
In what ways was Henry’s FP with Scotland a success/failure?
Success: Dynastic recognition through marriage, Showed strength in stopping Scottish invasion, relations with Scotland better than they had been in decades
Failure: Threat of Warbeck (but quickly stopped via Ayton)
What was the name of the region of Ireland that the English properly controlled?
The Pale
Which noble was the most powerful in Ireland?
Earl of Kildare (Gerald FitzGerald)
Which two people did Henry put in charge of Ireland?
Prince Henry (became Lieutenant of Ireland) & Sir Edward Poynings (deputy to Henry… Henry was two years old!)
What did Poynings Law decree?
Irish Parliament could pass no law without English approval & attempted to impose English law in Ireland
What town was besieged by Warbeck in Ireland in 1495?
Waterford
How did Henry stop support for Warbeck in Ireland?
Reinstated Kildare to his previous position
In what ways was Henry’s FP in Ireland a success/failure?
Success: secured loyalty of Irish (eventually), stopped support for Warbeck
Failure: Caused unrest when dismissing Kildare, at fault for Warbeck threat in 1495, waste of resources when dismissing Kildare in the first place
