Henry VII - Foreign Policy

Question 1

In general, what were the three key aims of Henry VII’s foreign policy?

Answer 1

National security, recognition of the Tudor dynasty, increasing finances

Question 2

When was the Treaty of Redon?

Answer 2

1489

Question 3

The Treaty of Medina del Campo agreed the betrothal of which two people?

Answer 3

Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

Question 4

Who married James IV in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?

Answer 4

Princess Margaret (Henry VII’s daughter)

Question 5

Why did Henry get involved in the ‘Breton Crisis’?

Answer 5

Owed the Breton’s (they had supported him before he became king), if the French took over Brittany it would increase the threat to England

Question 6

Who was in charge of Brittany?

Answer 6

Anne of Brittany

Question 7

Why did the Breton Crisis become so dangerous for Henry in 1489?

Answer 7

His army was trapped in France after Anne married Charles VIII France & Perkin Warbeck was brought to the French court

Question 8

Why did Henry gamble on an invasion of France in 1492?

Answer 8

His spies reported that France was more invested in Italy and did not was a war

Question 9

In what ways was Henry’s FP with France a success/failure?

Answer 9

Success: gained lucrative pension, stopped support for Warbeck
Failure: Threat of national and dynastic security, Brittany was annexed (the whole reason for the whole event in the first place!)

Question 10

Who was the Holy Roman Emperor?

Answer 10

Maximilian I

Question 11

Why was it important to keep good relations with Burgundy?

Answer 11

Trade - the Cloth trade went through Antwerp which was under Burgundy’s control

Question 12

What is a trade embargo?

Answer 12

A cancelling/blocking of all trade between countries?

Question 13

Why did Henry put a trade embargo on Burgundy?

Answer 13

Margaret of Burgundy’s support for Perking Warbeck

Question 14

What is the significance of the embargo on Burgundy when looking at Henry’s FP aims?

Answer 14

Showed Henry was willing to sacrifice England’s economy for his personal dynastic security

Question 15

What was the name of the treaty that ended the trade embargo between England and Burgundy?

Answer 15

Intercursus Magnus

Question 16

When was the Intercursus Magnus signed?

Answer 16

1496

Question 17

What was the Intercursus Malus and when was it signed?

Answer 17

One sided trade deal in England’s favour. Signed 1506 but never enforced. Also agreed for Earl of Suffolk (minor Yorkist claimant) to be handed over to Henry

Question 18

When was the Treaty of Windsor signed and who with?

Answer 18

1506 with Infanta Juana

Question 19

Which two Kingdoms made up what was to become ‘Spain’?

Answer 19

Aragon and Castile

Question 20

When did Prince Arthur die?

Answer 20

1502

Question 21

When did Isabella of Castile die?

Answer 21

1504

Question 22

How was Ferdinand of Aragon able to keep control over Castile?

Answer 22

Claimed Juana had gone mad with grief after death of her husband (Philip of Burgundy)

Question 23

In response to Henry backing Juana, what did Ferdinand declare about Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 23

She would never marry Prince Henry (Henry VIII) as long as Henry VII was alive

Question 24

In what ways was Henry’s FP with Spain a success/failure?

Answer 24

Success: Medina del Campo encouraged trade & secured dynastic recognition through marriage of Arthur (later Henry VIII) and Catherine of Aragon
Failure: Arthur died in 1502 (not Henry’s fault), rivalry with Ferdinand in later years left Henry diplomatically isolated

Question 25

Who did James IV marry to his cousin, Lady Catherine Gordon?

Answer 25

Perkin Warbeck

Question 26

When did James IV invade England?

Answer 26

1496

Question 27

Why did Henry sign the Truce of Ayton in 1497?

Answer 27

Cornish Rebellion began

Question 28

Whose death significantly helped Anglo-Scottish relations?

Answer 28

Perkin Warbeck

Question 29

When did James IV marry Princess Margaret?

Answer 29

1503

Question 30

In what ways was Henry’s FP with Scotland a success/failure?

Answer 30

Success: Dynastic recognition through marriage, Showed strength in stopping Scottish invasion, relations with Scotland better than they had been in decades
Failure: Threat of Warbeck (but quickly stopped via Ayton)

Question 31

What was the name of the region of Ireland that the English properly controlled?

Answer 31

The Pale

Question 32

Which noble was the most powerful in Ireland?

Answer 32

Earl of Kildare (Gerald FitzGerald)

Question 33

Which two people did Henry put in charge of Ireland?

Answer 33

Prince Henry (became Lieutenant of Ireland) & Sir Edward Poynings (deputy to Henry… Henry was two years old!)

Question 34

What did Poynings Law decree?

Answer 34

Irish Parliament could pass no law without English approval & attempted to impose English law in Ireland

Question 35

What town was besieged by Warbeck in Ireland in 1495?

Answer 35

Waterford

Question 36

How did Henry stop support for Warbeck in Ireland?

Answer 36

Reinstated Kildare to his previous position

Question 37

In what ways was Henry’s FP in Ireland a success/failure?

Answer 37

Success: secured loyalty of Irish (eventually), stopped support for Warbeck
Failure: Caused unrest when dismissing Kildare, at fault for Warbeck threat in 1495, waste of resources when dismissing Kildare in the first place