Hemodynamics, Systemic Circulation

Question 1

Arteries: _____________ pressure

Answer 1

High

Question 2

Arterioles: ____________ pressure, sm. m. walls can contract to control flow by changing resistance

Answer 2

Moderate

Question 3

Capillaries: ____________ cross-sectional area, _____________ endothelial lining, nutrient, waste and gas exchange

Answer 3

Large

Single

Question 4

Veins: ___________ pressure, ____________ volume, can contract to move blood to arterial side to increase BP

Answer 4

Low

Large

Question 5

Circulatory system
1. Mitral valve->left ventricle->aortic valve
2.
3.
4.
5. Right atrium
6.
7. 
8. Pulmonary vein->right atrium->circle back to 1

Answer 5

2. Aorta (100%)
3. Cerebral (15%) + coronary (5%) + renal (25%) + gastrointestinal (25%) + skeletal muscle (25%) + skin (5%) (arteries in, veins out)
4. Vena cava (100%)
5. Tricuspid valve->right ventricle->pulmonic valve
6. Pulmonary artery (100%)-> lungs

Question 6

Velocity of blood flow
V=
Can be calculated for single vessel knowing its _________________________ and ______________
Can also be determined knowing ___________________________________ and _______________

Answer 6

Q/A
Cross sectional area
Flow
Total, summed cross sectional area of parallel circuits
Flow

Question 7

Relationships between blood flow, pressure, and resistance
Q=
Can be determined through individual vessel or segment of vessel or through entire system
CO=

Answer 7

Q(flow)=delta P (pressure gradient)/R (resistance)

CO (cardiac output)=(arterial pressure-venous pressure)/TPR(total peripheral resistance)

Question 8

Poiseuille’s law

Answer 8

R=(8nl)/(pi(r)^4)
n=viscosity
l=length of vessel
pi=pi
r=vessel radius

Question 9

If vascular resistances are added in ______________ then simply add individual resistances for total
If vascular resistances are added in ________________ then formula for total resistance is more complicated

Answer 9

Series

Parallel

Question 10

Adding resistance beds in series __________________ resistance

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

Adding resistance beds in parallel ______________ total resistance

Answer 11

Decreases

Question 12

Adding series resistances

Answer 12

Rtotal=R1 + R2 + R3 +R4 + R5

Question 13

Adding parallel resistances

Answer 13

1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 + 1/R5 + 1/R6

Question 14

When velocity is high, cross sectional area __________, density _____________ and/or viscosity is ______________ blood flow becomes _______________ turbulent

Answer 14

Large
Heavy
Low
More

Question 15

Reynolds number

Answer 15

Nr=pdv/n
p=density 
d=diameter 
v=velocity 
n=viscosity

If greater than 2000 then considered to transition from laminar to turbulent flow

Question 16

Compliance is how _____________ it is to cause a vessel to ____________
Compliance =

Answer 16

Easy
Expand
Compliance = (change in volume)/(change in pressure)

Question 17

Compliance levels
Artery-
Artery (aging)-
Vein-

Answer 17

Low
Lowest
Highest

Question 18

Where is the largest pressure drop in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 18

Arterioles

Question 19

Clinically reported “systolic pressure” is ______________ pressure reached in _____________ artery

Answer 19

Greatest

Large

Question 20

Clinically reported “diastolic pressure” is _____________ pressure reached in ____________ artery

Answer 20

Lowest

Large

Question 21

Systolic pressure=120
Diastolic pressure=80
Pulse pressure=
Mean pressure=

Answer 21

Pulse pressure=systolic-diastolic=120-80=40

Mean pressure=diastolic+1/3pulse=80+(40/3)=93.3

Question 22

A decrease in arterial compliance would cause pulse pressure to ____________
Systolic pressure would ______________
Diastolic pressure may ____________________ or could actually ___________

Answer 22

Increase
Increase
Stay the same
Decrease

Question 23

Increase resistance would shift the entire arterial pressure curve _________ with no change in ____________ or _______________

Answer 23

Up
Shape
Pulse pressure

Question 24

Venous pressure

____________ pressure, ____________ compliance, ____________ volume

Answer 24

Low
High
Large