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CP Final > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Flow of information

Afferent-message from ____________ to ____________

A

Periphery

CNS

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2
Q

Flow of information

Efferent-from _____________ to __________________

A

CNS

Periphery

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3
Q

Afferents (___________) travel through the _____________ (____________) horn to the _______________ root

A

Sensory
Posterior
Dorsal
Posterior

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4
Q

Efferents (____________) travel from the ____________ root to the ______________ (_____________) horn

A

Motor
Anterior
Anterior
Ventral

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5
Q

Basic steps of reflex arc

A
  1. Sensory input to CNS
  2. Response
  3. Inmate a motor outflow to elicit an action and correct the sensory output
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6
Q

ANS control centers

A

Hypothalamus
Pons
Medulla

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7
Q

Hypothalamus controls…

A

Water balance
Temperature
Hunger

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8
Q

Pons controls…

A

Respiration & cardiac

Vasculature

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9
Q

Medulla controls…

A

Respiration

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10
Q

Effects of PNS

A 
Plenty of oxygen
Heart beating slowly
Blood pressure low
Digesting food-blood flow to GI
Absorbing fuel from GI
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11
Q

Effects of SNS

A

More oxygen intake and oxygen delivery to muscle
Heart rate increase
Need fuel to run
Conserve energy to non-essential organs for the task

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12
Q 
Sympathetic
Origin of preganglionic neurons-
Location of autonomic ganglia-
Length of preganglionic axons-
Length of postganglionic axons-
Effector organs-
Neuroeffector junctions-
Neurotransmitter and receptor in ganglion-
Neurotransmitter in effector organs-
Receptor types in effector organs-
A 
Spinal cord T1-L3
Paravertebral & prevertebral
Short
Long
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Diffuse, branching, receptors not concentrated in one region
ACh/nicotinic
Norepinephrine (except sweat glands)
Adrenergic alpa1, alpha2, beta1, beta2
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13
Q 
Parasympathetic
Origin of preganglionic neurons-
Location of autonomic ganglia-
Length of preganglionic axons-
Length of postganglionic axons-
Effector organs-
Neuroeffector junctions-
Neurotransmitter and receptor in ganglion-
Neurotransmitter in effector organs-
Receptor types in effector organs-
A 
Nuclei of CN III, VII, IX, and X, spinal cord S2-S4
In or near effector organs
Long
Short
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Diffuse, branching, receptors not concentrated in one region
ACh/nicotinic
ACh
Muscarinic
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14
Q 
Somatic
Origin of preganglionic neurons-
Location of autonomic ganglia-
Length of preganglionic axons-
Length of postganglionic axons-
Effector organs-
Neuroeffector junctions-
Neurotransmitter and receptor in ganglion-
Neurotransmitter in effector organs-
Receptor types in effector organs-
A 
NA
NA
NA
NA
Skeletal muscle
--------
NA
ACh
Nicotinic
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15
Q

Visceral reflexes

A

Subconscious sensory signal from organs to region of nervous system for coordination, signal sent directly back

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16
Q

Fight or flight response vision receptors

A

Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activation
-contraction of radial muscle leads to dilation of pupil
Beta-adrenergic receptor activation
-relaxation of ciliary muscle flattens lens
-focus on distant objects

17
Q

Fight or flight response heart receptors

A

Increase heart rate & contractility
-beta1 and beta2-adrenergic receptors
Vasodilation & vasoconstriction of appropriate vessels
-norepinephrine activates alpha-adrenergic receptors (alpha1)
-epinephrine activates beta-adrenergic receptors (beta2)

Rule of thumb:
Alpha receptors cause vasoconstriction-contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Beta receptors cause vasodilation-relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

Most smooth muscle of vessels have both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

  • heart, skeletal muscle, lungs, abdominal organs, kidneys
  • but some have only alpha receptors-salivary glands, skin
18
Q

Fight or flight response lungs

A

Bronchial smooth muscle
-relaxation-bronchodilation
-beta2-adrenergic receptors
Bronchial glands
-alpha1-adrenergic receptors-decrease secretion
-beta2-adrenergic receptors-increase secretion

19
Q

Fight or flight response gastrointestinal tract

A

Decrease motility-relaxation
-activation of alpha1/2 and beta2 adrenergic receptors
Constrict sphincters
-activation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors
Decrease secretions
-activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors

20
Q

Fight or flight response metabolic

A

Liver-increased glycogenolysis
-activation of alpha1 and beta2-adrenergic receptors
Adipose tissue-increased lipolysis
-activation of alpha1, beta1, and beta3-adrenergic receptors

21
Q

PNS Eyes

A

Relaxation of radial muscle of eye-constrict pupil

Contract ciliary muscles of lens-near vision

22
Q

PNS heart & vasculature

A

Decrease heart rate & contractility
Little influence on many vessels
Vasodilation-no muscarinic receptors in abdominal viscera, kidneys & veins

23
Q

PNS lungs

A

Bronchial smooth muscle contraction

Gland secretion

24
Q

PNS gastrointestinal tract

A 
Increased motility
-contraction of smooth muscle
Relax sphincters
Increased secretions
Glandular secretions
25
Q

PNS bladder

A

Wall-detrusor muscle contraction

Sphincter-relaxes

26
Q

SNS vs PNS antagonistic

A

SNS/PNS innervate same cells
Counteract each other
Example: heart

27
Q

SNS vs PNS complementary

A

SNS/PNS produce similar effects

Example: salivation

28
Q

SNS vs PNS cooperative

A

SNS/PNS produce different effects that work together

Micturition

CP Final (10 decks)

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