Hemodynamics and Respiratory support Flashcards
What is a normal SBP?
90-140 mmHg
What is a normal DBP?
60-90 mmHg
What is a normal MAP (mean arterial pressure)?
70-100mmHg
What is the minimum MAP needed to perfuse vital organs?
60 mmHg
What is the goal MAP for septic shock treated with vasopressor?
> 65 mmHg
What is afterload?
resistance the heart needs to overcome
What are the main determinants of afterload?
- vascular tone
- viscosity of blood
What is preload?
volume of blood entering vesicle
What is decreased CVP (central venous pressure) associated with?
- hypovolemia
- vasodilation
What is increased CVP (central venous pressure) associated with?
- venous return
- right sided HF
What are good markers of fluid responsiveness?
- passive leg raise
- ultrasound of inferior vena cava
- fluid bolus 500 mL
What is a normal PaO2?
<70
What is PaO2?
partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
What is a normal SaO2?
> 90%
What is SaO2?
saturation of oxygen in the arterial blood
What is ventilation?
the ability of CO2 to diffuse across alveoli out of the bloodstream and be expired by lungs
What is a normal PaCO2?
35-45 mmHg
How does continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treat sleep apnea?
shunts airways open to prevent collapse and obstruction
How does biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) provide positive airway pressure?
- provides positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- improves oxygenation and ventilation
How does high-flow nasal oxygen provide positive airway pressure?
- provides positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- improves oxygenation and ventilation
When is mechanical ventilation used?
unable to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation resulting in respiratory failure
What artificial devices allow mechanical ventilation?
- endotracheal tube
- tracheostomy tube
Which device for mechanical ventilation is safer and can be used long-term?
tracheostomy tube
