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Critically Ill > Hemodynamics and Respiratory support > Flashcards

Hemodynamics and Respiratory support Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal SBP?

A

90-140 mmHg

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2
Q

What is a normal DBP?

A

60-90 mmHg

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3
Q

What is a normal MAP (mean arterial pressure)?

A

70-100mmHg

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4
Q

What is the minimum MAP needed to perfuse vital organs?

A

60 mmHg

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5
Q

What is the goal MAP for septic shock treated with vasopressor?

A

> 65 mmHg

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6
Q

What is afterload?

A

resistance the heart needs to overcome

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7
Q

What are the main determinants of afterload?

A
  1. vascular tone
  2. viscosity of blood
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8
Q

What is preload?

A

volume of blood entering vesicle

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9
Q

What is decreased CVP (central venous pressure) associated with?

A
  1. hypovolemia
  2. vasodilation
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10
Q

What is increased CVP (central venous pressure) associated with?

A
  1. venous return
  2. right sided HF
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11
Q

What are good markers of fluid responsiveness?

A
  1. passive leg raise
  2. ultrasound of inferior vena cava
  3. fluid bolus 500 mL
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12
Q

What is a normal PaO2?

A

<70

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13
Q

What is PaO2?

A

partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

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14
Q

What is a normal SaO2?

A

> 90%

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15
Q

What is SaO2?

A

saturation of oxygen in the arterial blood

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16
Q

What is ventilation?

A

the ability of CO2 to diffuse across alveoli out of the bloodstream and be expired by lungs

17
Q

What is a normal PaCO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

18
Q

How does continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treat sleep apnea?

A

shunts airways open to prevent collapse and obstruction

19
Q

How does biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) provide positive airway pressure?

A
  1. provides positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
  2. improves oxygenation and ventilation
20
Q

How does high-flow nasal oxygen provide positive airway pressure?

A
  1. provides positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
  2. improves oxygenation and ventilation
21
Q

When is mechanical ventilation used?

A

unable to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation resulting in respiratory failure

22
Q

What artificial devices allow mechanical ventilation?

A
  1. endotracheal tube
  2. tracheostomy tube
23
Q

Which device for mechanical ventilation is safer and can be used long-term?

A

tracheostomy tube

Critically Ill (20 decks)

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