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Critically Ill > Acid/Base > Flashcards

Acid/Base Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal arterial blood gas pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

What is a normal arterial blood gas PaCO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

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3
Q

What is a normal arterial blood gas HCO3-?

A

24-30 mEq/L

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4
Q

What is the cause of respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?

A

disturbance in CO2

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5
Q

What is the cause of metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

A

disturbance of HCO3- (kidneys)

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6
Q

How is respiratory acidosis treated?

A
  1. reversal agents
  2. diuretics
  3. steroids
  4. bronchodilators
  5. ventilator management
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7
Q

How is respiratory alkalosis treated?

A
  1. ventilator management
  2. anxiety management
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8
Q

How is metabolic alkalosis treated?

A
  1. Cl solutions
  2. dilute hydrochloric acid
  3. carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Acetazolamide)
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9
Q

How is Acetazolamide dosed for metabolic alkalosis?

A

500mg IV bolus/ Q12-24H

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10
Q

How does Acetazolamide treat metabolic alkalosis?

A

excretion of bicarb lowers pH

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11
Q

How is metabolic acidosis treated?

A
  1. Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq (1amp) IV bolus
  2. Sodium bicarbonate 150 mEq (3amp) in 1L sterile water or D5W continuous infusion
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12
Q

What role does THAM have in metabolic acidosis treatment? How is it dosed?

A
  1. salvage therapy
  2. 500mL IV
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13
Q

What is the purpose of calculating the anion gap?

A

helps determine the cause of METABOLIC ACIDOSIS ONLY

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14
Q

How is anion gap calculated?

A

Na-Cl-HCO3

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15
Q

What is an elevated anion gap?

A

> 16

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16
Q

What is the mnemonic that helps determine the cause of metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap?

A

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
Iron/Isoniazod
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

17
Q

What is the mnemonic that helps determine the cause of metabolic acidosis without increased anion gap?

A

Uretal diversion
Saline (hypercholremia
Endocrine (hyperparathyroidism)
Diarrhea
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Adrenal insufficiency
Renal tubular acidosis

18
Q

What does Acetazolamide possibly have cross-reactivity with?

A

sulfonamide/sulfonylurea allergies

Critically Ill (20 decks)

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