Acid/Base Flashcards
What is a normal arterial blood gas pH?
7.35-7.45
What is a normal arterial blood gas PaCO2?
35-45 mmHg
What is a normal arterial blood gas HCO3-?
24-30 mEq/L
What is the cause of respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
disturbance in CO2
What is the cause of metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
disturbance of HCO3- (kidneys)
How is respiratory acidosis treated?
- reversal agents
- diuretics
- steroids
- bronchodilators
- ventilator management
How is respiratory alkalosis treated?
- ventilator management
- anxiety management
How is metabolic alkalosis treated?
- Cl solutions
- dilute hydrochloric acid
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Acetazolamide)
How is Acetazolamide dosed for metabolic alkalosis?
500mg IV bolus/ Q12-24H
How does Acetazolamide treat metabolic alkalosis?
excretion of bicarb lowers pH
How is metabolic acidosis treated?
- Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq (1amp) IV bolus
- Sodium bicarbonate 150 mEq (3amp) in 1L sterile water or D5W continuous infusion
What role does THAM have in metabolic acidosis treatment? How is it dosed?
- salvage therapy
- 500mL IV
What is the purpose of calculating the anion gap?
helps determine the cause of METABOLIC ACIDOSIS ONLY
How is anion gap calculated?
Na-Cl-HCO3
What is an elevated anion gap?
> 16
What is the mnemonic that helps determine the cause of metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap?
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
Iron/Isoniazod
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
What is the mnemonic that helps determine the cause of metabolic acidosis without increased anion gap?
Uretal diversion
Saline (hypercholremia
Endocrine (hyperparathyroidism)
Diarrhea
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Adrenal insufficiency
Renal tubular acidosis
What does Acetazolamide possibly have cross-reactivity with?
sulfonamide/sulfonylurea allergies
