Hemodynamics Flashcards
What are the 5 factors that can lead to Edema?
- Increased hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased oncotic pressure
- Lymphatic obstruction
- Sodium (water) retention
- Inflammation
How does heart failure lead to edema?
-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
-Decreased renal blood flow triggers RAAAs
=retention of Na+ and water, increasing blood volume
What is lymphedema?
-obstruction of the lymphatics, leading to edema
What is hyperemia?
- increased arterial blood flow to an area
- seen with edema
What is congestion?
- decreased venous flow from an area
- seen with edema
What is a hematoma?
a mass-like collection of blood
What chemicals produced by normal vascular endothelium have antiplatelet effects?
- PGI2
- NO
What chemicals produced by normal vascular endothelium have anticoagulant effects?
Heparin-like molecules
What chemicals produced by normal vascular endothelium have fibrinolytic effects?
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)
What secretes tissue factor (III)?
Damaged vascular endothelium
What does Von Willebrand factor do?
aids in platelet adhesion to a wound
What does Tissue factor do?
Triggers the coagulation cascade
What do inhibitors of plasminogen activator do?
inhibit fibrinolysis
What factors prevent clotting/platelet aggregation?
- Prostacyclin (PGI2)
- NO
- ADPase
- Heparin-like molecules
- thrombomodulin
- Proteins C & S
**-t-PA (increases fibrinolysis)
What is contained within the alpha granules of platelets?
- P-selectin
- Fibrinogen
- fibronectin
- V & VIII
What is contained within delta granules of platelets?
- ADP & ATP
- Ca2+
- 5-HT
- Epinephrine
- Histamine
What happens to platelets after a vascular injury?
- Contact collagen and adhesive vWF
- Adhesion and shape change
- secretion from granules
- Aggregation
What mediates platelet adhesion?
von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
What happens and what is the purpose of platelet shape change?
- platelets rapidly change from smooth discs to spikey things
- Alterations in glycoprotein increase affinity for fibrinogen
- Platelet surface increases negatively charged phospholipids which bind calcium and enhances coagulation
What does thromboxane A2 do in clotting?
- along with ADP, amplifies platelet aggregation = primary hemostatic plug
- vasoconstriction
What factor initiates the extrinsic hemostatic pathway?
Intrinsic factor (III)