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Term 3: Immunology/Pathology > Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • an autoimmune mediated inflammatory arthritis that leads to destruction of cartilage and bone
  • systemic progressive inflammatory disorder
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2
Q

What diseases are associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • infections
  • malignancies

**shortened life expectancies

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3
Q

Mutations in genes for which MHC class is associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

MHC Class II

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4
Q

What is the Pannus?

A
  • Inflammatory region in RA
  • the area where the synovial membrane meets the bone
  • in rheumatoid arthritis, this is where inflammed synovial membrane activates osteoclasts via cytokines
  • leads to destruction of the joint
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5
Q

What is Rheumatoid Factor?

A
  • antibody against Fc region of IgG
  • 85% of patients have RF
  • It is not specific for RA - seen in other autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, elderly, and 10% of healthy individuals
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6
Q

What are Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (aCCP)?

A

-present in about 65-70% of RA patients

=loook this up

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7
Q

What inflammatory cytokines are implicated in causing rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • IL-1
  • IL-6
  • TNF-alpha
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8
Q

What hormone is associated with an increased risk for lupus?

A

-estrogen replacement

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9
Q

What tend to be the targets for antibodies in Lupus?

A

-nuclear antigens

DNA and RNA complexes

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10
Q

How many of the 11 ACR diagnostic criteria must be present to make a diagnosis of Lupus?

A

-4/11

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11
Q

What is malar rash?

A

-ACR criteria for Lupus

-Fixed erythema,
Flat or raised,
Over the malar eminences
Spares the nasolabial folds

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12
Q

What is Discoid Lupus?

A

-ACR criteria for lupus

-Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scaling and follicular plugging;
Atrophic scarring in older lesions

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13
Q

How is arthritis resulting from Lupus different from arthritis caused by rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune arthriti?

A

-Arthritis with lupus is non-erosive, and thus reversible

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14
Q

What is the primary target of Polymyositis?

A

Muscle

autoimmune

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15
Q

What is the primary target of Dermatomysitis?

A

Muscle & Skin

autoimmune

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16
Q

What is the primary target of Systemic sclerosis/Scleroderma?

A

Skin/vasculopathy

autoimmune

17
Q

What is the primary target of Sjogrens Syndrome?

A

Salivary and lacrimal glands

autoimmune

18
Q

What is scleroderma?

A
  • Multisystem disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs
  • Vasculopathy : widespread functional and structural abnormalities in small arteries, arterioles, and capillaries
  • Autoimmune
19
Q

What is Systemic Sclerosis?

A

-Subset of scleroderma

  • Raunaud’s phenomenon
  • Fatigue
  • Musculoskeletal complaints
  • Puffy skin progressing to skin tightening and fibrosis
  • Internal organ involvement
20
Q

What is Raynaud’s Phenomenon?

A
  • Closure of muscular digital vessels
  • Triggered by cold or stress, exacerbated by medications (beta-blockers)
  • Triphasic color changes (pallor, cyanosis, erythematous)
  • Seen in 4-15% of normal population
  • Seen in 95% of patients with scleroderma
21
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Polymyositis?

A
  • Insidious onset of proximal muscle weakness in shoulder and pelvic girdles
  • 50% of pts have weakness in neck flexors
  • Dysphagia
  • Dysphonia
  • Myalgia
  • Raunaud’s
22
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Dermatomyositis?

A
  • Proximal muscle weakness and associated symptoms similar to polymyositis
  • Skin rashes
23
Q

What immune cells are associated with Polymyositis?

A

-CD8+

24
Q

What immune cells are associated with Dermatomyositis?

A
  • CD4+

* also Complement & antibodies

25
Q

What is Sjögren’s Syndrome?

A

-autoimmune disorder
-lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands
(salivary and lacrimal)

-also has systemic manifestations

Sx’s:

  • dry eyes
  • Dry mouth

25% have internal organ involvement

26
Q

Tell me about Scleroderma Renal Crisis.

A
  • its an emergency
  • Involves accelerated hypertension and rapid renal failure
  • ACE inhibitors will save the patient’s life
27
Q

What are the ACR diagnostic criteria for lupus?

A
  1. Malar rash (butterfly rash)
  2. Discoid Rash
  3. Photosensitivity
  4. Oral ulcers
  5. Non-erosive arthritis
  6. Serositis (o=pleuritis or pericarditis)
  7. Neurological disorder
  8. Renal disorder (proteinuria)
  9. Hematologic disorder (hemolytic anemia)
  10. ANA positive
  11. immunologic disorder

Term 3: Immunology/Pathology (17 decks)

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