Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Term 3: Immunology/Pathology > Cells and Components of the Immune System > Flashcards

Cells and Components of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Which MHC class is recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CD8+)?

A

MHC-I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which MHC class is recognized by Helper T Lymphocytes (CD4+)?

A

MHC-II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do Natural Killer cells recognize MHC presentation?

A

No, but they recognize the Class I MHC as a “don’t kill” signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

phagocytose bacteria coated with IgG and IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do Mast Cells and Basophils release upon activation?

A
  • Histamine
  • Heparin
  • Chemotactic Agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do immature T lymphocytes first enter the thymus?

A

the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are Hassall’s Corpuscles located?

A

-medulla of the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do lymphatics enter the lymph node?

A

on outer convex surface into subcapsular sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are HEV’s located? What are they for?

A
  • cortex of lymph nodes

- entrance point for lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is located at the center of a B nodule in a lymph node?

A

Germinal center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up the buffy coat of blood?

A
  • Platelets

- Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells are leukocytes (white blood cells)?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What leukocytes are granulocytes?

A
  • neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What leukocytes are Agranulocytes?

A
  • Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the histological markers of neutrophils?

A
  • few granules

- three lobed nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils?

A
  • killer of parasites
  • not phagocytic: they release their enzymes via exocytosis
  • also modulate allergic inflammation to counteract histamine etc
17
Q

What are the histological markers of lymphocytes?

A
  • Large nucleus, a little bit bigger than RBCs

- Small amount of basophilic cytoplasm

18
Q

What kind of surface marker (CD) is on B lymphocytes?

A

CD20+

19
Q

What kind of stem cell do eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets derive from?

A

-Myeloid stem cell

20
Q

What kind of stem cell do lymphocytes derive from?

A

-lymphoid stem cell

21
Q

Which antibodies act as receptors on the surface of B Lymphocytes?

A

IgM & IgD

22
Q

Humoral Immunity = ?

A

Antibodies & B Cells

23
Q

Cellular Immunity = ?

A

T Cells

24
Q

What chemicals stimulate Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to undergo clonal expansion?

A

IL-2

gamma-interferon

25
Q

What’s the difference between basophils and mast cells?

A

Basophils are still circulating, mast cells are in tissue

26
Q

What is the complement system?

A
  • 20 proteins that work together to destroy invaders
  • humans born with defects in complement system don’t live long
  • Classical pathway depends on antibodies
27
Q

Which protein initiates the “alternative” pathway for complement activation?

A

C3b

28
Q

How do complement proteins eventually destroy bacteria?

A
  • C3bBb cleaves more C3 as well as C5
  • C5b, C6, C7, and C8 form a stalk that anchors the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the bacterial cell wall
  • C9 comes along and makes a channel that opens a hole in the surface of the bacterium
29
Q

Which proteins on human cells prevents complement from destroying friendlies?

A
  • MCP (clips C3b)

- DAF (decay accelerating factor) (accelerates degradation of C3bBb)

30
Q

What is a third complement activation pathway aside from the classical (antibody dependent) and alternative (antibody independent) pathways? What initiates this pathway?

A
  • lectin activation pathway

- initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)

31
Q

What does iC3b do?

A
  • inactivated C3b
  • cannot form Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
  • opsonizes invaders to facilitate phagocytosis by macrophages
32
Q

How do natural killer cells kill cells?

A
  • induce apoptosis via an injection system
  • introduce granzyme B into target cell
  • NK cell interacts with Fas on surface of target, inducing apoptosis
33
Q

Where are proteins of the complement system produced?

A

Liver

**think about cirrhosis

34
Q

What protein does C3bBb cleave?

A

C3

also C5

35
Q

What does the MASP protein do in the lectin activation pathway?

A

cleaves C3

36
Q

What do C3a and C5a do?

A

-act as chemoattractants to attract more macrophages and neutrophils

37
Q

Where does LPS come from? What does it do?

A
  • Gram negative bacteria

- binds to receptors on primed macrophages and makes them angry

Term 3: Immunology/Pathology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions