Heme/Onc

Question 1

Plasma cell cancer produces monoclonal paraprotein

Answer 1

multiple myeloma

Question 2

mneumonic for multiple myeloma

Answer 2

CRAB: hypercalcemia, renal involve, anemia, bone lytic lesions/back pain

Question 3

clusters of plasma cells and plasmablasts with clock face chromatin

Answer 3

multiple myeloma

Question 4

how do proto oncogenes become oncogenes

Answer 4

activating mutation

Question 5

how do tumor supressors cause cancer

Answer 5

LOF mutation

Question 6

pathophys of DIC

Answer 6

consumption of coag factors, plts, and fibrinogen

Question 7

noromocytic anemia and plts stacked on top of each other like coins/rouleux

Answer 7

multiple myeloma

Question 8

normal plts, PT, and normal/high PTT, high bleeding time

Answer 8

von Willebrand

Question 9

thrombocytopenia but normal PT/PTT

Answer 9

ITP

Question 10

normal plts, normal PTT, long PT

Answer 10

vit K deficiency

Question 11

vit K dependent clotting factors

Answer 11

2,7,9,10

Question 12

microcytic anemia + extra Hgb A2 + Asx

Answer 12

beta thalassemia minor

Question 13

pathphys of beta thalassemia

Answer 13

mutation resulting in defective transcription, processing, and translation of beta globin mRNA

Question 14

APML associated with which chorm translocation

Answer 14

15;17

Question 15

histo of metastatic melanoma

Answer 15

cells containing brown granules, prominent nuclei, binuclei, immunostaining for melanoma markers (S-100, HMB-45)

Question 16

enzyme vit K cofactor for

Answer 16

gamma glutamyl carboxylase

Question 17

symptomatic hypocalcemia in high volume blood transfusion

Answer 17

citrate chelates plasma calcium

Question 18

hypermetabolic state caused by increased levels of cytokines

Answer 18

cachexia

Question 19

biochemical mechanism of cachexia

Answer 19

cytokines (TNF- alpha) stimulate ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to degrade skeletal muscle

Question 20

mutation of melanoma

Answer 20

BRAF