All #2

Question 1

liver manifestation of chronic glucocorticoids

Answer 1

stimulate gluconeogensis enzymes

Question 2

equation for true positive and false negative

Answer 2

TP: sensitivity x #diseased patients

FN: (1-sen) x #diseaesed

Question 3

what determines ventricular contraction rate in A fib

Answer 3

AV node refractory period

Question 4

Dx EBV

Answer 4

heterophile IgM AB that react with horse antigens

Question 5

pathophys behind TTP

Answer 5

ADAMST13 mutation- uncleaved vWF multimers

Question 6

carotid aneurysm in cavernous sinus- what CN hit

Answer 6

Abducens

Question 7

phrenic nerve innervation

Answer 7

C3-C5

Question 8

common femoral artery goes into

Answer 8

external iliac artery, inferior epigastric comes off of and heads superiorly

Question 9

Left vs right circulation of heart

Answer 9

right: PDA arrise from RCA left: PDA arrise from LCX

Question 10

what artery supply AV node

Answer 10

PDA

Question 11

cumulative incidence

Answer 11

at risk individuals get disease/ year; therefore must subtract those already with disease

Question 12

cell of athersclerosis that synth collagen

Answer 12

vascular smooth muscle cells

Question 13

differentiate between most common child brain tumor and second most common child brain tumor

Answer 13

1. Pilocystic astrcytoma: pilocystic astrocytes and Rosenthal fibers 2. Medulloblastoma: sheets of small blue cells with many mitotic figures

Question 14

compensatory action for avoid edema in heart failure

Answer 14

increased tissue lymphatic drainage

Question 15

MOA of abciximab

Answer 15

GP IIb/IIIa antagonist

Question 16

waxing and waning lymphadenopathy

Answer 16

follicular lymphoma

Question 17

acquired long QT

Answer 17

1A and III antiarr, macrolides, floroquinolones, methadone, haloperidol

Question 18

pathophys of factor V leiden

Answer 18

mutant factor V resistant to degradation by active protein C

Question 19

Pathophys and imaging of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and tx(MOA)

Answer 19

honeycomb; loss of type 1 pneumocytes and hyperplasia of type 2/ pirfenidone: inhibit TGF-B

Question 20

MOA of triptans

Answer 20

serotonin 5HT agonists, bind trigeminal serotonin receptors

Question 21

majority of water in nephron resorbed

Answer 21

proximal tubule with solutes

Question 22

4 glossopharyngeal nerve fx

Answer 22

1. somatic muscle: stylopharyngeous muscle 2. parasympathetic: parotid gland secretion 3. general sensory: tympanic mem, eustachian tube, posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsilar region, upper phaynx, carotid body and sinus 4. Taste: posterior 1/3 tongue

Question 23

2 types of neuromuscular blocking agents

Answer 23

1. Depolarizing: succinylcholine Ach receptor agonist 2. Nondepolarizing: vecuronium, rocuronium- competitve antagonists of Ach receptor

Question 24

internal carotid artery aneurysm impinge what CN

Answer 24

uncrossing nerves of optic chiasm

Question 25

what causes dimpling of the skin in breast cancer

Answer 25

malignant infiltration of suspensatory ligaments

Question 26

trigger for release of BNP

Answer 26

increased ventricular wall stress

Question 27

most common disease of extramedullary hematopoeisis

Answer 27

chronic hemolytic anemias

Question 28

failure of prothrombin time to correct with vit K suppplementation

Answer 28

factor VII deficiency, due to underlying liver disease

Question 29

nondisjunction in meisosis 1 vs 2

Answer 29

1: get 2 (n+1) and 2 (n-1) 2: get 2n, n-1, n+1

Question 31

where zenker diverticulum penetrate through

Answer 31

between thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 32

bruise to green color

Answer 32

heme oxygenase

Question 33

lateral ankle sprain

Answer 33

talofibular ligament