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step 1 flashcards > heme > Flashcards

heme Flashcards

1
Q

bernard Soulier

A

LARGE Platelets

defect in Gp1b . cannot bind vWF

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2
Q

glaszmans

A

defect in GpIIb/IIIa cannot bind fibrinogen

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3
Q

unique causes of fibrinolysis

A

radical prostectomy - releases urokinases which activates prothrombin

cirrhosis: decreased production of alpha2 antiplasmin which is used to breakdown active plasmin. increased plasmin leads to bleeding

others: IL1, TNF G(-) sepsis, Auer rods, adenocarcinoma
rattle snake bite. these are all the same causes for DIC

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4
Q

fibrinolysis vs DIC

A

fibrinolysis is due to excessive PLASMIN activity. you will have excessive cleavage of fibrinogen! you did not make a clot so NO D-dimer, and elevated FIBRINOGEN SPLIT PRODUCTS

in DIC, activation of all of coag cascade. you have elevated D-dimer. D-dimer is a product of splitting fibrin.
There is no splitting of Fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is low.

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5
Q

decreased ESR

A 
PV
Sickle cell
CHF
hypofibrinogemia
microcytosis
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6
Q

basophillic stippling

A 
(rRNA)
ACD,
lead
thal
Etoh
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7
Q

target cells

A 
HALT: 
HbC
Aplenia
Liver Dz
Thal
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8
Q

Microcytic anemia

A 
IDA
Thal minor
Lead
Sideroblastic anemia- B6, ALAS, Cu def
ACD (late phase)
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9
Q

HbH

A

beta4. when 3 copies of Apha are missing

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10
Q

Hb Barts

A

gamma 4. hydrops fetalis

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11
Q

ACD mech

A

hepcidin decreases EPO, and deceases Fe transfers
ferroportin is decreased.
ferritin is high. want to store it all away.

the main difference between ACD and sideroblastic anemia is the serum levels of Fe.
ACD has LOW Fe
Sideroblastic anemia has high Fe.

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12
Q

Sideroblastic anemia causes

A

Sideroblastic anemia- B6, ALAS, Cu def

etoh, Isoniazid, MDS, lead

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13
Q

macrocytic anemia

A 
Folate- TMP, pheytoin
B12- Crohns, pernicious anermia, vegan, D. lathum, PPI, pancreatic insuff. 
Orotic Aciduria
MTX
SULFA drugs
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14
Q

nonmegaloblastic anemia

A

no hypersegmented PMS

5-FU
hydroxyurea
zidovudine.

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15
Q

aplastic anemia. causes? ddx?

A

usually Pancytopenia without splenomegaly.
GOLD
Fanconi Anemia
B12, EBV, HIV, HCV

benzene, chloranplencol, alkylating agents.

ddx: B12, folate, MDS, aplastic anemia, aleukemic leukemia

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16
Q

intravascular hemolysis

A

In the BVs

Microscopic hemolytic anemia: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLPS
macoscopic hemolytic anemia: mech valvues
PNH
marlaria

17
Q

extravascular hemolysis

A

in the reticuloendothelial system: Macrophages of spleen, liver LNs

pyruate kinase def
HbC
sickel cell
herederitary sphercytosis
autoimmune warm and cold

step 1 flashcards (13 decks)

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