drugs- pulm

Question 1

se: pul fibrosis

Answer 1

bleomycin,
busulfan
amiodarone
methotroxate

Question 2

H1 blockers: first generation, uses, SEs

Answer 2

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate,
chlorpheniramine.
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid.
Se: Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic.

Question 3

H1 blockers: second generation uses, SEs

Answer 3

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine,
cetirizine.
allergy
se. Far less sedating than 1st generation because of
 entry into CNS.

Question 4

Guaifenesin use

Answer 4

Expectorant—thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex.

Question 5

N-acetylcysteine use

Answer 5

Mucolytic—can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen
overdose.

Question 6

Dextromethorphan use

Answer 6

Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codeine analog.
Has mild opioid effect when used in excess.
Naloxone can be given for overdose. Mild abuse potential.

Question 7

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

Answer 7

Sympathomimetic α-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants. open obstructed eustachian tubes.
Pseudoephedrine also illicitly used to make methamphetamine
se: Hypertension. Can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine).

Question 8

Albuterol uses, SEs

Answer 8

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (β2). Use during acute exacerbation.

Question 9

Salmetrol, formoterol uses, SEs

Answer 9

long-acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects are tremor and
arrhythmia.

Question 10

Theophylline uses, SEs

Answer 10

likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase Ž–> increase cAMP levels
due to  cAMP hydrolysis
. Usage is limited because of narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity); metabolized by cytochrome P-450.
Blocks actions of adenosine.

Question 11

Ipratropium

Answer 11

competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction.
Also used for COPD, as is tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist.

Question 12

Beclomethasone, fluticasone

Answer 12

steriods—inhibit the
synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate
NF-κB, the transcription factor that induces
the production of TNF-α and other
inflammatory agents. 1st-line therapy for
chronic asthma.

Question 13

Montelukast, zafirlukast— uses, SEs

Answer 13

block leukotriene
receptors. Especially good for aspirin-induced
asthma.

Question 14

Zileuton— uses, SEs

Answer 14

a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor.
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to
leukotrienes.

Question 15

Omalizumab uses, SEs

Answer 15

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Binds mostly
unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to
FcεRI. Used in allergic asthma resistant to
inhaled steroids and long-acting b2-agonists.

Question 16

Methacholine uses, SEs

Answer 16

Muscarinic receptor agonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma.

Question 17

bosentan uses, SEs

Answer 17

Used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors,
 pulmonary vascular resistance.

Question 18

se of tramadol

Answer 18

decreased seizure threshold

serotonin syndrome

Question 19

brimonidine uses, SEs

Answer 19

alpha agonist used in OPEN angle glacoma. just like Epi. do not give for closed angle because alpha 2 R causes mydriasis.

se for both: puritis, hypermia of eye (increased blood flow to the eye).

Question 20

B blockers used for glacoma

Answer 20

you want non selective:
timolol, betaxolol, cartelol

B2 receptors increase aqueous humor production.

Question 21

echothiophate uses

Answer 21

used in glacoma. it is an indirect choliminetic. (inhibits AchE)

Question 22

physostigamine uses

Answer 22

used in glacoma. it is an indirect choliminetic. (inhibits AchE)

Question 23

pyridostigamine uses

Answer 23

used long term treatment for MG, long T1/2

indirect cholimimetic

Question 24

edrophonium uses

Answer 24

used to DX MG

Question 25

neostigamine uses

Answer 25

indirect cholimimetic
used for ileus
MG
reversal of NMJ blockage after surgery. give with atropine.

does not cross CNS

Question 26

black widow venom mech

Answer 26

increases Ach Release –> spastic pralysis

Question 27

tropicamide uses

Answer 27

muscarinic antagonist. eyes

Question 28

benztropine uses

Answer 28

muscarinic antagonist. CNS

Question 29

scopolamine uses

Answer 29

muscarinic antagonist. CNS- motion sickness

Question 30

oxybutynin
darifenacin
solifenacin

uses?

Answer 30

muscarinic antagonist. used for urinary incontinence.

cause urinary retention. inhibit toe M3 R
decrase bladder spasm

Question 31

toteridine
fesoteridine
trospium

uses?

Answer 31

muscarinic antagonist. also used for urinary incontinence.

Question 32

glycopyrrolate

Answer 32

decrease airway sections pre-op, drooling, peptic ulcer.

Question 33

promethazine

Answer 33

H1 blocker. first gen

Question 34

hydroxyzine

Answer 34

H1 blockers first gen.

Question 35

cetirizine

Answer 35

H1 blocker. 2nd gen.

Question 36

terbutaline uses?

Answer 36

direct agonist of B2 to DECREASE the tone of the uterus and to inhibit premature labor.

Question 37

cimetidine vs clonidine

Answer 37

cimetidine is a H2 blocker used to decrease acid secretion. cimetidine is a CYP inhibitor.

clonidine- alpha 2 agonist used for HTN urgency.

Question 38

mirtazapine use?

Answer 38

alpha 2 antagonist used for depression. it increases the cholesterol and appetite which is good in eldery

Question 39

morphine intresting SE

Answer 39

contraction of gallbladder. do not give you pts with gallbladder stones

also causes release of Histamine

Question 40

halothane se

Answer 40

halothane hepatitis

Question 41

propofol uses?

Answer 41

GABA type A R agonist

increases TG content causes acute pancreatitis, metabolic acidosis.

Question 42

tropicamide vs topiramate

Answer 42

tropicamide: muscarinic antagonist
topiramate: AMPA R inhibitor, Na channel inhibitor. used for wt. loss and migraine.