drugs- pulm Flashcards

1
Q

se: pul fibrosis

A

bleomycin,
busulfan
amiodarone
methotroxate

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2
Q

H1 blockers: first generation, uses, SEs

A

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate,
chlorpheniramine.
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid.
Se: Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic.

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3
Q

H1 blockers: second generation uses, SEs

A
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine,
cetirizine.
allergy
se. Far less sedating than 1st generation because of
 entry into CNS.
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4
Q

Guaifenesin use

A

Expectorant—thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex.

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5
Q

N-acetylcysteine use

A

Mucolytic—can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen
overdose.

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6
Q

Dextromethorphan use

A

Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codeine analog.
Has mild opioid effect when used in excess.
Naloxone can be given for overdose. Mild abuse potential.

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7
Q

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic α-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants. open obstructed eustachian tubes.
Pseudoephedrine also illicitly used to make methamphetamine
se: Hypertension. Can also cause CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine).

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8
Q

Albuterol uses, SEs

A

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (β2). Use during acute exacerbation.

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9
Q

Salmetrol, formoterol uses, SEs

A

long-acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects are tremor and
arrhythmia.

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10
Q

Theophylline uses, SEs

A

likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase Ž–> increase cAMP levels
due to  cAMP hydrolysis
. Usage is limited because of narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity); metabolized by cytochrome P-450.
Blocks actions of adenosine.

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11
Q

Ipratropium

A

competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction.
Also used for COPD, as is tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist.

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12
Q

Beclomethasone, fluticasone

A

steriods—inhibit the
synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate
NF-κB, the transcription factor that induces
the production of TNF-α and other
inflammatory agents. 1st-line therapy for
chronic asthma.

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13
Q

Montelukast, zafirlukast— uses, SEs

A

block leukotriene
receptors. Especially good for aspirin-induced
asthma.

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14
Q

Zileuton— uses, SEs

A

a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor.
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to
leukotrienes.

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15
Q

Omalizumab uses, SEs

A

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Binds mostly
unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to
FcεRI. Used in allergic asthma resistant to
inhaled steroids and long-acting b2-agonists.

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16
Q

Methacholine uses, SEs

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma.

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17
Q

bosentan uses, SEs

A

Used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors,
 pulmonary vascular resistance.

18
Q

se of tramadol

A

decreased seizure threshold

serotonin syndrome

19
Q

brimonidine uses, SEs

A

alpha agonist used in OPEN angle glacoma. just like Epi. do not give for closed angle because alpha 2 R causes mydriasis.

se for both: puritis, hypermia of eye (increased blood flow to the eye).

20
Q

B blockers used for glacoma

A

you want non selective:
timolol, betaxolol, cartelol

B2 receptors increase aqueous humor production.

21
Q

echothiophate uses

A

used in glacoma. it is an indirect choliminetic. (inhibits AchE)

22
Q

physostigamine uses

A

used in glacoma. it is an indirect choliminetic. (inhibits AchE)

23
Q

pyridostigamine uses

A

used long term treatment for MG, long T1/2

indirect cholimimetic

24
Q

edrophonium uses

A

used to DX MG

25
Q

neostigamine uses

A

indirect cholimimetic
used for ileus
MG
reversal of NMJ blockage after surgery. give with atropine.

does not cross CNS

26
Q

black widow venom mech

A

increases Ach Release –> spastic pralysis

27
Q

tropicamide uses

A

muscarinic antagonist. eyes

28
Q

benztropine uses

A

muscarinic antagonist. CNS

29
Q

scopolamine uses

A

muscarinic antagonist. CNS- motion sickness

30
Q

oxybutynin
darifenacin
solifenacin

uses?

A

muscarinic antagonist. used for urinary incontinence.

cause urinary retention. inhibit toe M3 R
decrase bladder spasm

31
Q

toteridine
fesoteridine
trospium

uses?

A

muscarinic antagonist. also used for urinary incontinence.

32
Q

glycopyrrolate

A

decrease airway sections pre-op, drooling, peptic ulcer.

33
Q

promethazine

A

H1 blocker. first gen

34
Q

hydroxyzine

A

H1 blockers first gen.

35
Q

cetirizine

A

H1 blocker. 2nd gen.

36
Q

terbutaline uses?

A

direct agonist of B2 to DECREASE the tone of the uterus and to inhibit premature labor.

37
Q

cimetidine vs clonidine

A

cimetidine is a H2 blocker used to decrease acid secretion. cimetidine is a CYP inhibitor.

clonidine- alpha 2 agonist used for HTN urgency.

38
Q

mirtazapine use?

A

alpha 2 antagonist used for depression. it increases the cholesterol and appetite which is good in eldery

39
Q

morphine intresting SE

A

contraction of gallbladder. do not give you pts with gallbladder stones

also causes release of Histamine

40
Q

halothane se

A

halothane hepatitis

41
Q

propofol uses?

A

GABA type A R agonist

increases TG content causes acute pancreatitis, metabolic acidosis.

42
Q

tropicamide vs topiramate

A

tropicamide: muscarinic antagonist
topiramate: AMPA R inhibitor, Na channel inhibitor. used for wt. loss and migraine.