Heme 1,000ft View Flashcards
What is the normal pH (big picture)
7.35-7.45
Plasma is primary made up of what
Water
What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
Albumin (57%)
What is albumin helping facilitate
Osmotic balance, needed for the transport of hormones/fats/meds, helps maintain intravascular volume
What is pH
Number of circulating hydrogen ions
Control is needed to maintain integrity
What is the equation for pH
HCO3-/pCO2
What is acidosis?
Cause of increase in serum acidity (increase in circulating H+)
What is alkalosis?
Cause of increase in serum alkalinity (decrease in circulating H+)
What proteins are within plasma?
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
Where is albumin made?
Liver
What is a good protein marker on how the liver is functioning?
Albumin
Why are RBC’s concave?
To increase surface area and to have flexability (flexy bendy)
What is the lifespan of an RBC
120 days
Hemoglobin binds to what for transportation?
O2 and CO2
Where is iron stored for later use?
In Ferritin, primarily in the liver
What is hemochromatosis
Too much iron due to HFE gene (homeostatic iron regulator) regulation, iron overload and tissue damage
What is produced and regulated by the kidneys based on O2 levels (hypoxia)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
EPO can be used to determine
Red Marrow Function
If there is low B12 what anemia type will result
Megaloblastic anemia
What is folate needed for
DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis
What cell type bursts to create platelets?
Megakaryocyte
Are platelets a cell?
No, they are anuclear cytoplasmic fragments
What is the life span of a platelet and why is it important
8-11 days, important due to medications
What is broken down into bilirubin
Porphyrin proteins
What three things do you need in order to maintain blood hemostasis?
Endothelium
Coagulation proteins
Platelets
What electrolyte is vital to every step of clotting?
Calcium
How long does it take a platelet plug to form?
3-5 minutes
What is Factor IIa?
Thrombin
What is Factor 1?
Fibrinogen
What is the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade activated by?
Tissue Factor
What is factor II?
Prothrombin
What is mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
How much hemoglobin is within one RBC
What is the measurement of hemoglobin
Concentration of Hgb in the blood which indicates oxygen carrying capacity (low levels indicate anemia)
What is the measurement of hematocrit
Indirect measurement of number of RBCs, percentage of RBCs in the total blood volume
When assessing clotting time, a blue top tube used because it contains
Sodium citrate, which will chelates calcium to stop clotting (then calcium can be added back to run test)
What does a D-Dimer measure for?
Breakdown (fibrinolysis) of the fibrin mesh
What is the function of water in the plasma?
Carrying liquid
What is the function of electrolytes in plasma?
Assists with cellular function (Ca2+ in particular helps with clot formation)
Maintains pH, acts as a buffer
Cellular membrane excitability
What is the function of proteins in plasma?
Buffers, maintains osmotic pressure, clotting factors, enzymes, antibodies, hormones…
What is the function of gases in plasma?
By product from HCO3, buffer
Oxygenation
By-product of protein breakdown
What is the function of nutrients in the plasma?
Nutrition for cellular function and tissue repair
What waste component results from protein catabolism?
Urea
What waste component results from energy metabolism?
Uric acid
What does a Prolonged PT (INR) with a normal PTT indicate?
Warfarin, DIC, liver disease, vitamin K deficiemcy, inherited factor VII deficiency
Normal PT (INR) with prolonged PTT indicate?
Heparin, dabigatron (Xa inhibitors), von Willebrand disease, inherited VIII, IX, or I deficiency
What does a prolonged PT with prolonged PTT indicate?
Inherited factor V or X deficiency, liver disease, DIC vitamin K deficiency, supratherapeutic warfarin
