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Hematology > Heme 1,000ft View > Flashcards

Heme 1,000ft View Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal pH (big picture)

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Plasma is primary made up of what

A

Water

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3
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

A

Albumin (57%)

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4
Q

What is albumin helping facilitate

A

Osmotic balance, needed for the transport of hormones/fats/meds, helps maintain intravascular volume

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5
Q

What is pH

A

Number of circulating hydrogen ions

Control is needed to maintain integrity

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6
Q

What is the equation for pH

A

HCO3-/pCO2

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7
Q

What is acidosis?

A

Cause of increase in serum acidity (increase in circulating H+)

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8
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

Cause of increase in serum alkalinity (decrease in circulating H+)

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9
Q

What proteins are within plasma?

A

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins

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10
Q

Where is albumin made?

A

Liver

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11
Q

What is a good protein marker on how the liver is functioning?

A

Albumin

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12
Q

Why are RBC’s concave?

A

To increase surface area and to have flexability (flexy bendy)

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13
Q

What is the lifespan of an RBC

A

120 days

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14
Q

Hemoglobin binds to what for transportation?

A

O2 and CO2

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15
Q

Where is iron stored for later use?

A

In Ferritin, primarily in the liver

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16
Q

What is hemochromatosis

A

Too much iron due to HFE gene (homeostatic iron regulator) regulation, iron overload and tissue damage

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17
Q

What is produced and regulated by the kidneys based on O2 levels (hypoxia)

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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18
Q

EPO can be used to determine

A

Red Marrow Function

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19
Q

If there is low B12 what anemia type will result

A

Megaloblastic anemia

20
Q

What is folate needed for

A

DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis

21
Q

What cell type bursts to create platelets?

A

Megakaryocyte

22
Q

Are platelets a cell?

A

No, they are anuclear cytoplasmic fragments

23
Q

What is the life span of a platelet and why is it important

A

8-11 days, important due to medications

24
Q

What is broken down into bilirubin

A

Porphyrin proteins

25
Q

What three things do you need in order to maintain blood hemostasis?

A

Endothelium
Coagulation proteins
Platelets

26
Q

What electrolyte is vital to every step of clotting?

A

Calcium

27
Q

How long does it take a platelet plug to form?

A

3-5 minutes

28
Q

What is Factor IIa?

A

Thrombin

29
Q

What is Factor 1?

A

Fibrinogen

30
Q

What is the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade activated by?

A

Tissue Factor

31
Q

What is factor II?

A

Prothrombin

32
Q

What is mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

A

How much hemoglobin is within one RBC

33
Q

What is the measurement of hemoglobin

A

Concentration of Hgb in the blood which indicates oxygen carrying capacity (low levels indicate anemia)

34
Q

What is the measurement of hematocrit

A

Indirect measurement of number of RBCs, percentage of RBCs in the total blood volume

35
Q

When assessing clotting time, a blue top tube used because it contains

A

Sodium citrate, which will chelates calcium to stop clotting (then calcium can be added back to run test)

36
Q

What does a D-Dimer measure for?

A

Breakdown (fibrinolysis) of the fibrin mesh

37
Q

What is the function of water in the plasma?

A

Carrying liquid

38
Q

What is the function of electrolytes in plasma?

A

Assists with cellular function (Ca2+ in particular helps with clot formation)

Maintains pH, acts as a buffer

Cellular membrane excitability

39
Q

What is the function of proteins in plasma?

A

Buffers, maintains osmotic pressure, clotting factors, enzymes, antibodies, hormones…

40
Q

What is the function of gases in plasma?

A

By product from HCO3, buffer

Oxygenation

By-product of protein breakdown

41
Q

What is the function of nutrients in the plasma?

A

Nutrition for cellular function and tissue repair

42
Q

What waste component results from protein catabolism?

A

Urea

43
Q

What waste component results from energy metabolism?

A

Uric acid

44
Q

What does a Prolonged PT (INR) with a normal PTT indicate?

A

Warfarin, DIC, liver disease, vitamin K deficiemcy, inherited factor VII deficiency

45
Q

Normal PT (INR) with prolonged PTT indicate?

A

Heparin, dabigatron (Xa inhibitors), von Willebrand disease, inherited VIII, IX, or I deficiency

46
Q

What does a prolonged PT with prolonged PTT indicate?

A

Inherited factor V or X deficiency, liver disease, DIC vitamin K deficiency, supratherapeutic warfarin

Hematology (9 decks)

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